per
دانشگاه علوم بهزیستی و توانبخشی
Iranian Journal of Ageing
1735-806X
1735-806X
2007-01
1
2
80
87
article
Health Economics and Aging
Abolghasem Poor Reza
1
Rogheyeh Khabiri Nemati
2
School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Objectives: In this paper, aging with its different dimensions is discussed. The characteristics of elderly's life in relation to individual, social, and changes meet aging together with attitudes toward it and major components of elderly are explained. Disease and burden of disease of aging as a central to the areas of Health and Health Economics will be emphasized. The influential factors on the growth of aging, policies and policymakers' responsibilities in this respect, also briefly is analyzed.
Methods & Materials: On the whole an attempt will be made to discuss and analyze aging and escalating costs of long - term care of elderly in the context of social problems and phenomenon such as the quality of interactions between elderly and community, attitudes towards elderly and its consequences, as well as gaps between generations. In April 1995, World Health Organization, promoted a program on aging which emphasized more on Healthy aging rather than aging itself. This program followed several purposes including promotion of quality of life and public health particularly among elderly. This paper reflects the program framework in someway.
Results: There is a need to reassessment of views towards aging, elderly's health, and their roles and functions in family and community. This approach may enable us to utilize the eldely's effective potentials and enjoy their experience to resolve some existing conflicts among genders and generations.
Conclusion: The ideas of scholars either from Iran or from other countries extracted from literature will be the starting point of the present paper since it may help to provide a rather broad and comprehensive picture of life, which aging is considered as a big and important part of it. This picture, however, would demonstrate the weak points of services provided and delivered to the elderly.
http://salmandj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-17-en.pdf
Aging
Health economics
Diseases' theories
Health cost
per
دانشگاه علوم بهزیستی و توانبخشی
Iranian Journal of Ageing
1735-806X
1735-806X
2007-01
1
2
88
100
article
Social Policy in Japan and Sweden; A Proper Pattern for Iranian Elderlies
Ezzatollah Samaram
1
Mehrnaz Amin Aghayi
2
Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran, Iran.
Objectives: In developed countries, aging of population is not a new phenomenon. However, in under development countries, such as Iran, it is necessary to think about the welfare of elderlies from now on. Due to the degradation of physical and mental abilities of elderlies, they are threatening by crucial problems. Therefore, to be safe and secure, elderlies must be provided by special supports originating from certain social policies. In this paper, by explaining practical instances in Japan and Sweden, we try to present a proper pattern for elderlies in Iran. One of the significant similarities in Japan and Iran is preserving traditions when industrial development occurs.
Methods & Materials: Japanese traditions have been regarded well already whereas in Iran. The industry is developing while traditional culture is considered. Using the new policies of Japan to target Iranian elderlies can utilize economic and cultural frameworks in society, family and other social organizations and thus present comprehensively .supportive programs to the most of elderlies.
Results: One of the basic politics of Sweden for elderlies is maintaing them in homes even when they require extensive health bcares. This paper proposes that expanding social and retirement insurances to all persons who are aging above sixty, either men or women, can provide elderlies with an appropriate support. By this policy, the family, as a huge resource, and other traditional organizations, which are often non-governmental, can provide valuable facilities. The most important reason to offer this policy in Iran is the limitations of possibilities to support elderlies. If our policies obey the old policies of the west world, it concludes with providing some reprehensive services to a limited number of elderlies in cities.
Conclusion: Using the available, practical indicators in the developed countries with high rate of aging people helps Iranian researchers to continue their researches properly in the field of elderliness.
http://salmandj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-18-en.pdf
Elderly
Retirement
Pension
Allowance
per
دانشگاه علوم بهزیستی و توانبخشی
Iranian Journal of Ageing
1735-806X
1735-806X
2007-01
1
2
101
105
article
Characteristics of Falls Among Institutionalized Elderly People
Ahmad Ali Akbari Kamrani
1
Farhad Azadi
2
Mahshid Foroughan
3
Saeid Siadat
4
Ali Reza Kaldi
5
Iranian Research Centre on Ageing, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Objectives: Falls by elderly people area frequent cause of morbidity and mortality, especially in institutionalized elders. to describe the features of falls among institutionalized elderly people.
Methods & Materials: characteristics of falls in the preceding six months (March 2006 - September 2006) that occurred among elder lies (aged over 60years) with normal physical function and cognitive status, who lived at Kahrizak Institute, along term nursing home in Tehran, were surveyed and analyzed.
Results: The mean age of the patients with falls was 76.9 yrs. These numbers of falls had occurred among 29 elders that 48.3% were women and 51.7% were men. 57.6% off alls were simple and elders could standup immediately independently. 42.4% of falls needed to help for standup, 2 elder person (2.6%) had sever consequence of fall and had fractures. (Skull fracture, head trauma & hip fracture) 30.3% of falls occurred in yard, 28.9% at room, 18.4%inhallway, 14.5% at WC, .3.9%at bathroom, and 3.9% at lunch saloon. Analysis of the time of falls showed: 45.3% of falls occurred at 7bl2 am, 13.2% at the lunch time (12bI4), 17% at 14b19, 11.3%at night (19b4 am), and 13.2% at 4b7 am.
Conclusion: falls among elder lies occur mainly outside of room. And occur at the time of maximum activities, for example at morning; also falls have been happened more in subjects older, and occasionally result in sever injury such as head trauma, skull fracture, femur and pelvis fracture and cause more mortality and morbidity. Control of environmental risk factors could be protective factors against falls.
http://salmandj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-19-en.pdf
Falls
Elderly
Institution
per
دانشگاه علوم بهزیستی و توانبخشی
Iranian Journal of Ageing
1735-806X
1735-806X
2007-01
1
2
106
111
article
Diagnostic Distribution of Mental Disorders in Geril Atric Outpatients Tehran 2002
Mahshid Foroughan
1
Ziya Ghaem Magham Farahani
2
Ahmad Ali Akbari Kamrani
3
Iranian Research Centre on Ageing, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Objectives: Reports on the epidemiology of mental disorders in the elderly mostly arise from the studies on the populations of the western developed countries. Due to gross social and cultural differences, these findings may not be generalizable to the oriental countries and the need for native studies is increasingly felt. to determine a primary estimate of the prevalence of mental disorders in elderly people with health problems residing in the community.
Methods & Materials: probable psychiatric cases among 314 patients successively presented to the only outpatient geriatric clinic in Tehran, after careful examination by a physician, referred for psychiatric evaluation. These subjects were examined by a psychiatrist and 100 of them received a diagnosis according to DSMb4 criteria. Data about related factors gathered and analyzed by the software SPSSb Version 10th.
Results: 31.8% of the original sample received a psychiatric diagnosis. Depressive disorders (58%), cognitive disorders (29%) and anxiety disorders (12%) were most frequent diagnosis. Symptoms had been appeared after a life event in 52% of cases. Conbcurrent physical problems were prevalent. Hypertension was the most frequent physical problem (31%) and Poly-pharmacy found in many cases (m=1.4±2.89)
Conclusion: The need for psycho-geriatric services is widespread among elderly living in Tehran and the con-current physical problems and poly pharmacy complicate the situation.
http://salmandj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-20-en.pdf
Elderly
Mental disorder
Epidemiology
per
دانشگاه علوم بهزیستی و توانبخشی
Iranian Journal of Ageing
1735-806X
1735-806X
2007-01
1
2
112
118
article
Evaluation of Relationship Between Depression and Cognitive Impairment in Elderly
Vahid Nejati
1
Hasan Ashayeri
2
University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Objectives: Depression and cognitive impairments are the most common problem among elderlypeople that both of them cause decreasing the quality of life and functionality and increasing mortality rate. The aim of this study is determination of relationship between depression and cognitive impairments.
Methods & Materials: In these cross sectional study we use Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) and Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) for evaluation of depression and cognitive impairment of 120 elderly people that participate in the study. We use Pearson correlation coefficient for evaluation of relationship between depression and cognitive impairments.
Results: Result revealed that the GDS scoring was correlated with the MMSE (P<0.01). That is corresponding to previous study.
Conclusion: Relation between depression and cognitive impairments is refered to age related cognitive decline of frontal lobe, cortical, striatalpallidal, thalamus, cortical pathway mediating both cognitive executive function and depression and aging Causes disjunction in this pathway. Practical use of this study and future interventional study is therapeutic effect of cognitive rehabilitation in treatment of geriatrics depression.
http://salmandj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-21-en.pdf
Depression
Cognitive impairments
Elderly
per
دانشگاه علوم بهزیستی و توانبخشی
Iranian Journal of Ageing
1735-806X
1735-806X
2007-01
1
2
119
124
article
Quality of Life Assessment in Elderly People That Experiencing Low Back Pain
Issa Mohammadi Zeydi
1
Mohammad Khalaj
2
Mohammad Mahdi Naghizade Jahromi
3
Department of Health Education, Faculty of Medicine, Tarbiat Modarres University, Tehran, Iran.
Objectives: Remember this question why a group of people during their life time even during elderly time is health and other is handicapd and suffering disease that needs health care service and medical help. Disability resulted from low back pain approximately affects 1/4 adults annually. Back pain prevalence is very high in world population. It is estimate that 80% of people engage with it during their life time. Elder lies who have low back pain, not only offend from physical disorder but also functional limits could disable them and have negative effect on their QOL. This problem occurs due to increasing in disease cases and treatment payments. Main objective of this research was study and assessment of quality of life in elderly people and comparing their QOL with healthy elderlies who live in Qazvin medical university.
Methods and Materials: Present research is a Quesi-Experimental study that is done in case group and control. Sample number of this study was 56 elderly people in case group. Collection tool was a questionnaire include of two parts: 1) Demographic information and 2) Nottingham health profile of QOL assessment. Finally total data analyses by SPSS software and test, regression and K2.
Results: The average age in this study was 63years. The QOL of old people that is calculated with Nottingham questionnaire shows the significant difference in energy dimension (P=0.004), sleeping (P=18%), pain (0.059), body physical isolation (P<0.001) and number of total QOL (P=0.042) in mention group and the control. But in social movement (P=0.486) and anxious reaction (P=0.206) there was no significant difference.
Conclusion: The results of this research show the low QOL in case group of the elderly who suffering from LBP in compares with healthy elder people in control group.
http://salmandj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-22-en.pdf
Quality of life
Elder people
Low back pain
per
دانشگاه علوم بهزیستی و توانبخشی
Iranian Journal of Ageing
1735-806X
1735-806X
2007-01
1
2
125
131
article
Prevalence of Physical Impairment Among the Elderlly Persons of the Tehran City in 1385
Afsoon Nodehi Moghadam
1
Fatemeh Ehsani Fard
2
Department of Physical Therapy, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Objectives: Musculoskeletal pain is common in elderly people with prevalence range from 10% to 71%. Musculoskeletal pain is found to be a strong risk factor for disability in elderly woman. The purpose of this study is to examine the prevalence of physical impairment of elderly people.
Methods & Materials: A physiotherapist has evaluated elderly persons files in four physiotherapy centers during 1384-85.
Results: Knee osteoarthritis and low back pain respectively were the most common causes of physical impairment in elderly women. Prevalence of knee osteoarthritis is increasing. This increase is likely due to several factors: advancing age of population, increasing injuries and rapidly advancing rates of obesity. Age–related change of intervertebral disks, decreased back muscle strength and decreased bone mineral density may lead to low back pain.
Conclusion: Knee osteoarthritis and low back pain are the most commom causes of physical impairment.
http://salmandj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-23-en.pdf
Musculoskeletal disorder
Elderly
Physical impairment
Geriatric patients
per
دانشگاه علوم بهزیستی و توانبخشی
Iranian Journal of Ageing
1735-806X
1735-806X
2007-01
1
2
132
139
article
Studying the Social Status and Health Concerning Rural Elderly Using the Plan for Rural Empowering
Behzad Sattari
1
Ardebil Province Welfare Organization, Ardebil, Iran.
Objectives: Elderliness is a biological process that is experienced by all living creatures, among them are human beings. Elderly population in the country is increasing, and in order to face this phenomena understanding the existing status of the country>s elderly is necessary.
Methods & Materials: This research has been done within the framework of the objectives of the plan to empower the rural elderly, and in order to determine the present status of health concerning the rural elderly (such as the rate of handicap prevalence and its kinds and the rate of prevalence of diseases and their different kinds among rural elderly) with the purpose of offering different preventive medical and rehabilitation services to them. Determining the social status of the elderly with different dimensions, and also determining the basic needs of rural elderly in order to provide services suitable for them is among other objectives of this research.
Results: This research uses the Descriptive-Studious method of the kind of «cross survey studies». In order to gather information and data, two kinds of questionnaires have been used: « the questionnaire for evaluating the social status and the health of elderly» and «the questionnaire for elderly need measurement». This plan has been done in Koraeem District of Nir city from Ardabil Province. The district has 34 villages, 14383 population, and 49 lindividuals whose ages are above sixty years. In order to analyze the data, descriptive statistics method (frequency and percent) together with SPSS software have been used.
Conclusion: The rate of the elderly in the case mentioned above was estimated 3.41%. 28.8% of the elderly have missed their spouse and 70.1% of them are married, 14.3% are unable to do their own personal affairs, 8.6% live alone, 8.4% are under the supervision of protective institutions, 8.4% are suffering from different kinds of handicap, and the highest rate of prevalence of handicap is hearing handicap with the rate of 3.7%. 50.5% of them are suffering from different kinds of diseases. Heart diseases and blood pressure with the prevalence of 25.3% is the most prevalent disease among the elderly. 20% of the elderly are in need of nutrition, wearing clothes, and home, 19%in need of medical and hygienic services, 10%in need of rehabilitation services, 41% in need of programs for leisure time, and 10% in need of social honoring and valuation.
http://salmandj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-24-en.pdf
Elderly
The plan to empower the rural elderly
Elderly health
Elderly social status
Ardabil province
per
دانشگاه علوم بهزیستی و توانبخشی
Iranian Journal of Ageing
1735-806X
1735-806X
2007-01
1
2
140
145
article
Diagnosis and Treatment of Epilepsy in Elderly People
Mojtaba Azimian
1
University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Objectives: Diagnosis & treatment of diseases in elderly people needs especial capabilities. There is no exception for epilepsy in this regard. According to different researches, high incidence of convulsion in elderly people is growing. On the other hand, growing of age in (human) societies results in increasing the number of elderly persons.
Methods & Materials: In recent years, our country have encountered with this problem, that is , growing of old age population. Overlooking of this problem makes many difficulties in the future. Incidence of epilepsy in elderly (>80 years old) is 140/100000. Diagnosis of this disease is so important in elderly people because different problems like Transient Ischemic Attack (T.I.A), cardiovascular problem, transient confusion in patients with dementia, neurogenic syncope, Transient Global Amnesia (TGA) can be mimic or feign by it. Sometimes the picture of symptoms is different between young and old persons, even may be appeared as Non-Convulsive Status Epileptics (NCSE). On the other hand, senile changes that cause epilepsy in the elderly must be further studied.
Results: Treatment and selection of drug in the elderly need special considerations. Different changes such as metabolic one, change in brain tolerance to drugs and side effects, change in function of organs of body associated diseases and consumption of various drugs at the same time, make many challenges during the treatment process.
Conclusion: Fortunately, knowledge about the importance of epilepsy in the elderly recently has increased. Nowadays, senile affairs and the problem of elderly people is looked as an important event and consequently there is hope that in near future the knowledge and understanding about effective factors regarding epilepsy in elderly persons; such as senile changes of brain and its effect on epilepsy will expand and increase.
http://salmandj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-25-en.pdf
Epilepsy
Elderly
Diagnosis
Treatment