@article{ author = {Borzoo, Samira and Arastoo, Aliasghar and Ghasemzade, Roya and Zahednezhad, Shahla and Habibi, Abdolhamid and Latifi, Seyed Mahmoo}, title = {Effects of Aerobic Exercise on Quality of Life in Residents of Geriatric Homes, Ahvaz, Iran}, abstract ={Objectives: Some studies show that quality of life in elderly can change due to aging process and its natural limitations. There are many methods to improve quality of life in old age, and doing simple physical exercises are among the easiest and the most cost effective methods that can improve quality of life in old persons. This study investigates the effect of aerobic exercise on quality of life in 60-75 years old residents of geriatric homes, Ahvaz, Iran 1389. Methods & Materials: In this study SF36 questionnaire was administrated to a randomly selected sample of 50 residents of geriatric homes in Ahvaz, Iran, 1389. These sample were randomly allocated to two groups: the experimental group (n=25) and control group (n=25). The members of experimental group received exercise for 8 weeks (three sessions per week). Quality of life measured in both groups before and after intervention. Data was analyzed by use of independent sample t- test and paired t-test. Results: Results did not show a significant difference between two groups in mean of the quality of life levels before intervention (P>0.05), however, this difference changed significantly inconsequent to intervention (P<0.05). Conclusion: According to the result of the study, exercise program was effective to promote elderly quality of life levels, therefore it can be used as simple and complementary method for improving elderly quality of life.}, Keywords = { Quality of life, Elderly, Aerobic exercise}, volume = {6}, Number = {1}, pages = {0-0}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم بهزیستی و توانبخشی}, url = {http://salmandj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-376-en.html}, eprint = {http://salmandj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-376-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Ageing}, issn = {1735-806X}, eissn = {1735-806X}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Rahimi, Mostafa and Kordi, Mohammadreza and Karimi, Noraldin and Gaeini, Abbasali and Samadi, Ali and Alimoradi, Nasim}, title = {The Effects of Whole Body Vibration Training and Creatine Supplementation on Lower Extremity Performance and Balance in Elderly Males}, abstract ={Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of whole body vibration training (WBVT) and creatine (Cr) supplementation on lower extremity performance and balance in elderly males. Methods & Materials: In this semi-experimental study, twenty two eligible males from the members of an elderly daycare center with more than 60 years of age were enrolled and were divided into three groups randomly, WBVT+Cr(n=7), WBVT+Pgroup (n=7), and control group (n=8). In WBVT+Cr and WBVT+P groups exercises were performed on the whole body vibration device for 10 days with 30-35 Hz intensity and 5 mm amplitude. The WBVT+Cr group consumed 20g/day Crsupplement for the first 5 days followed by 5g/days for the next 5 days of protocol. The WBVT+P group consumed dexterous. The control group neither did any exercise nor consumed any supplement during the protocol. Static balance by standing time on one leg, dynamic balance by TUG test and lower extremity performance by 30-meter walking test, sit and stand test and tandem gait test weremeasured. Paired sample t-test and one way ANOVAwere used for data analysis (α=0.05). Results: Our results showed that dynamic balance, lower body performance in 30- meter walking and tandem gait improved in experimental groups. However, ANOVA did not show any significant increase in static balance (P=0.514), dynamic balance (P=0.153), lower body performance in 30-meter walking test (P=0.339), sit and stand test (P=0.578) and tandem gait (P=0.151). Conclusion: In conclusion, it seems that WBVT plus Cr supplementation improves some of the motor fitness factors in elderly males during a short time.}, Keywords = {Whole body vibration, Nutritional creatine supplement, Lower extremity performance, Balance, Elderly}, volume = {6}, Number = {1}, pages = {0-0}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم بهزیستی و توانبخشی}, url = {http://salmandj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-375-en.html}, eprint = {http://salmandj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-375-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Ageing}, issn = {1735-806X}, eissn = {1735-806X}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Mohammadi, Farahnaz and Babaee, Mehrz}, title = {Effects of Participation in Support Groups on Alzheimer’s Family Caregivers’ Strain and Spiritual Wellbeing}, abstract ={Objectives: Since support for family caregivers is crucial in providing care for elderly, this study was conducted to examine the effects of participation in support groups on Alzheimer’s family caregivers’ strain and spiritual wellbeing. Materials and Methods & Materials: In this semi-experimental study, 32 accessible family caregivers of elderly patients with Alzheimer who had at least one year of experience participated. The intervention consisted of a 4-month active participation in educational and emotional supportive sessions related to patient and caregivers care management. At the end of the intervention, the leadership of the groups was transferred to members of the groups. These sessions were conducted in 3 public centers in the community. Caregivers were assessed by caregiving strain and spiritual wellbeing questionnaires at the beginning, at the end of the intervention and 2 months later. Data was analyzed by ANOVA with repeated measurement. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: In general, 32 accessible family caregivers of elderly Alzheimer patients with at least one year of experience participated in this study. The mean of spiritual wellbeing through three mentioned measurements showed an improvement (26.029, 34.029, 34.471), whereas the care giving strain showed a decreasing trend (40.118, 32.706, 31.265). Findings based on ANOVA-repeated measurement revealed a significantly decrease in care giving strain (P=0.001) and an improvement in spiritual wellbeing (P=0.005). Conclusion: Participation in the support groups as a manifest of empowering helps family caregivers to deal effectively with care giving difficulties. Psychoeducational programs lead to a decreased care giving strain and improve the spiritual wellbeing of the caregivers. Hence, supportive interventions should be considered by policy makers and professional health care providers for elderly people.}, Keywords = { Supportive group, Family caregiver, Elderly, Alzheimer}, volume = {6}, Number = {1}, pages = {0-0}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم بهزیستی و توانبخشی}, url = {http://salmandj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-374-en.html}, eprint = {http://salmandj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-374-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Ageing}, issn = {1735-806X}, eissn = {1735-806X}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Mohammadzadeh, Asghar and Dolatshahy, Behrooz and Mohammadkhani, Parvaneh}, title = {The Effects of Integrative Reminiscence Therapy on Signs and Symptoms of Depression in the Elderly}, abstract ={Objectives: The Main aim of this study was to determine the effects of integrative reminiscence therapy on signs and symptoms of depression in the institutionalized elderly. Methods & Materials: This study was an experimental study with pre-test and post-test along with control group. The statistical society in this study consisted of all elderly adults residing in centers of Isfahan. Sample selection style was simple random sampling. The Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) and Mini Mental Status Examination (MMSE) were primarily administered and the scores of higher than ten in GDS (severe and moderate depression) and higher than twenty one in MMSE were identified and a number of 36 subjects were randomly selected and were randomly divided into two groups, 18 participants to experiment group and 18 participants to the control group. Results: The analysis of the results was performed using independent t-test and chisquare. Mean of the difference of pretest and posttest results was acquired in experimental group (M=2.5385, SD=0.87706)and control group (M=1, SD=0.93541). Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that integrative reminiscence therapy can significantly result in reducing depression signs and symptoms in older adults. This intervention can serve as a supplementary treatment along with pharmaceutical treatment.}, Keywords = { Elderly, Depression, Integrative reminiscence therapy}, volume = {6}, Number = {1}, pages = {0-0}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم بهزیستی و توانبخشی}, url = {http://salmandj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-373-en.html}, eprint = {http://salmandj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-373-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Ageing}, issn = {1735-806X}, eissn = {1735-806X}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Shamsi, Afzal}, title = {Risk Factors of Co‏ronary Artery Disease in Residents and Non-Resid Entsof Elderly Care Homes in Tehran}, abstract ={Objectives: Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in United States and many parts of the world. This study aimed to evaluate the risk factors of coronary artery disease in residents and non-residents of elderly care homes in Tehran. Methods & Materials: In this descriptive study, about 382 elderly with above 65 years of age participated, from whom 191 were non-resident and 191 were resident of elderly care homes in Tehran in 1388. Random-cluster sampling method was used to choose samples from elderly care homes of different regions of Tehran and also the same was performed for non-resident elderly in houses of Tehran. Required data was gathered by interview using a questionnaire. Measurement of height and weight (body-mass index or BMI), blood pressure, fasting blood glucose and blood lipid profile was performed as well. All statistics were computed using SPSS17 software using parametric and nonparametric statistical tests, 2 and Fisher’s Exact test. P<0.05 denoted a statistical significance. Results: Prevalence of risk factors in resident and non-resident elderly of elderly care homes was as follows: high systolic (26.2% and 36.6%) and diastolic (24.1% and 31.9%) blood pressure, high cholesterol (28.3% and 36.1%), high triglyceride (31.4% and 42.9%), obesity (12.6% and 22%), diabetes (12% and 17.3%), physical inactivity (18.8% and 7.4%) and lack of exercise(56.6% and 16.2%), stress (22.5% and 2.1%) (P<0.05). Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that prevalence of cardiovascular disease risk factors in elderly is high. Prevalence of all risk factors was higher in non-resident elderly than residents of elderly care homes except physical activity, exercise and stress. Therefore, training elderly the correct lifestyle could decrease the risk of coronary artery disease and its complications.}, Keywords = {Risk factors, Coronary artery disease, Elderly}, volume = {6}, Number = {1}, pages = {0-0}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم بهزیستی و توانبخشی}, url = {http://salmandj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-372-en.html}, eprint = {http://salmandj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-372-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Ageing}, issn = {1735-806X}, eissn = {1735-806X}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Rasti, Sima and MomenHeravi, Mansoreh and Salageghe, Sahar}, title = {Treatment of Intestinal Parasitic Infections in Elderly and Mentally Retarded Patients}, abstract ={Objectives: The rate of person to person transmission of intestinal parasites is high in elderly and mentally retarded patients and lack of treatment may cause disease spread.This sudy was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of treatment of intestinal parasitic infections in elderly and mentallyretardedpatients of Golabchi center of Kashan. Methods & Materials: This descriptive study was carried out on 133 elderly and mentallyretardedpatients of Golabchi center of Kashan in 2007. Infected participants were treated according to the stool examination and scotch tape results. These tests were performedagain after one month and response to treatment wasdetermined. A questionnaire was completed during interview with patients to obtain the data of sex and age,clinical symptoms and side effects of drugs. Descriptive data analysis was performed to evaluate the results. Results: In general, 64.7% of patients were male and the rate of response to treatment was 93.2%. The response rate was highest (79.5%) and lowest (26.7%) in patients with <30 and >70 years of age respectively. Besides, theresponse rate was 93.6%, 89.2%, 90% and 100% in oxyur, entamoeba histolytica, giardia lamblia anddientamoeba fragilis respectively. Conclusion: With regardsto the high rate of response to treatment,resistance to routin anti parasitic drugs seems unlikely. The lack of response to tratment can be either dut to high severity of the infection or due to incorrect using of drugs.}, Keywords = { Intestinal parasitic infections, Mentally retarded, Elderly, Treatment}, volume = {6}, Number = {1}, pages = {0-0}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم بهزیستی و توانبخشی}, url = {http://salmandj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-371-en.html}, eprint = {http://salmandj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-371-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Ageing}, issn = {1735-806X}, eissn = {1735-806X}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Rambod, Masomeh and Rafii, Foroogh and KhabazShirazi, Mohammad and Ghodsbin, Fariba and Heydari, Seyed Taghi}, title = {Comparison of the Quality of Life in Elderly With Young and Middle Age Chronic Renal Failure Patients}, abstract ={Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare the quality of life in elderly with the young and middle age chronic renal failure Patients. Methods & Materials: This cross-sectional study of 202 chronic renal failure patients included young (age≤40 years), middle age (41-59 years), and elderly (age≥60 years) patients. The subjects were selected by census method. The data were collected using the "Ferrans and Powers quality of life index- dialysis version" and were analyzed using SPSS-14 with one-way ANOVA and Scheffe’s test. Results: In general, 43.6%, 40.1% and 16.3% of the participants were elderly, middle age and young patients respectively. There were no significant differences in overall quality of life between the three groups (F=1.51, P>0.05). Socioeconomic familial subscale of quality of life was not statistically different in the groups (P<0.05). However, psychological/spiritual and health and functioning subscale of quality of life were not different between the groups (P>0.05). Conclusion: This study indicated that socioeconomic familial subscale of quality of life in young patients was lower than elderly and middle age. Therefore, comprehensive insurance and referring to renal and transplant support society for young patients are suggested in order to improve the patients’ quality of life, especially in the socioeconomic domain.}, Keywords = { Quality of life, Elderly, Well-being, Chronic renal disease}, volume = {6}, Number = {1}, pages = {0-0}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم بهزیستی و توانبخشی}, url = {http://salmandj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-377-en.html}, eprint = {http://salmandj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-377-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Ageing}, issn = {1735-806X}, eissn = {1735-806X}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Mohammadi, Farzaneh and Mohammadkhani, Parvaneh and Dolatshahi, Behrooz and Asghari, Mohammad Ali}, title = {The Effects of “Mindfulness Meditation for Pain Management” on the Severity of Perceived Pain and Disability in Patients With Chronic Pain}, abstract ={Objectives: This study aimed at investigating the effectiveness of Mindfulness Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) in management of pain and functional limits of chronic pain patients. Methods & Materials: In this semi-experimental study, 30 volunteer female patients suffering from chronic pain attending a clinical assessment for treatment of chronic pain were recruited using the convenience sampling. Then, they were randomized to intervention or control group. Both groups completed the graded classification of chronic pain and pain disability questionnaires. The intervention lasted approximately 8 weeks. Data was analyzed by descriptive and covariance analysis. Results: Our results indicated that the severity of perceived pain (P=0.001) and disability caused by pain (P=0.04) in intervention group decreased significantly in comparison with the control group. Conclusion: The results suggest that themindfulness intervention can decrease the severity of perceived pain and disability in chronic pain patients.}, Keywords = { Mindfulness based cognitive therapy, Chronic pain, Catastrophizing, Fear-avoidance}, volume = {6}, Number = {1}, pages = {0-0}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم بهزیستی و توانبخشی}, url = {http://salmandj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-378-en.html}, eprint = {http://salmandj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-378-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Ageing}, issn = {1735-806X}, eissn = {1735-806X}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Razzaghi, Zohreh and Karimloo, Masuod and Rahgozar, Mahdi and Aghamohammadzadeh, Naser and Mahdizadeh, Alirez}, title = {Prediction of Vitamin D Deficiency Among Tabriz Elderly and Nursing Home Residents Using Stereotype Regression Model}, abstract ={Objectives: Vitamin D deficiency is one of the most important health problems of any society. It is more common in elderly even in those dwelling in rest homes. By now, several studies have been conducted on vitamin D deficiency using current statistical models. In this study, corresponding proportional odds and stereotype regression methods were used to identify threatening factors related to vitamin D deficiency in elderly living in rest homes and comparing them with those who live out of the mentioned places. Methods & Materials: In this case-control study, there were 140 older persons living in rest homes and 140 ones not dwelling in these centers. In the present study, 25(OH)D serum level variable and age, sex, body mass index, duration of exposure to sunlight variables were regarded as response and predictive variables to vitamin D deficiency, respectively. The analyses were carried out using corresponding proportional odds and stereotype regression methods and estimating parameters of these two models. Deviation statistics (AIC) was used to evaluate and compare the mentioned methods. Stata.9.1 software was elected to conduct the analyses. Results: Average serum level of 25(OH)D was 16.10±16.65 ng/ml and 39.62±24.78 ng/ml in individuals living in rest homes and those not living there, respectively (P=0.001). Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (less than 20 ng/ml) was observed in 75% of members of the group consisting of those living in rest homes and 23.78% of members of another group. Using corresponding proportional odds and stereotype regression methods, age, sex, body mass index, duration of exposure to sunlight variables and whether they are member of rest home were fitted. In both models, variables of group and duration of exposure to sunlight were regarded as meaningful (P<0.001). Stereotype regression model included group variable (odd ratio for a group suffering from severe vitamin D deficiency was 42.85, 95%CI:9.93-185.67) and duration of exposure to sunlight variable (odd ratio for a group suffering from severe vitamin D deficiency was 0.717, 95%CI: 0.642-0.792). Conclusion: This study demonstrated high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in older people living in rest homes comparing with those who do not live in such centers. It seems that stereotype regression as a modern method among multicategory logistic models is well capable in sieving kinds of diseases especially vitamin D deficiency.}, Keywords = {Stereotype regression, Proportional odds, Vitamin D, Elderly}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {0-0}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم بهزیستی و توانبخشی}, url = {http://salmandj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-418-en.html}, eprint = {http://salmandj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-418-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Ageing}, issn = {1735-806X}, eissn = {1735-806X}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Abbasi, Ali and BerenjeianTabrizi, Hossein and Bagheri, Kambiz and Ghasemizad, Alirez}, title = {The Effect of Whole Body Vibration Training and Detraining Periods on Neuromuscular Performance in Male Older People}, abstract ={Objectives: This study aimed to evaluatethe the effect of eight weeks whole body vibration training (WBVT) and detraining periods on neuromuscular performance male healthy older people. Methods & Materials: Thirty male subjects (70±9.6 years old) were randomly allocated into two groups of WBVT and control (n=15 per group). Timed Up & Go and 5-Chair stand tests, as indicators of neuromuscular performance in older subjects, were taken as pretest and posttest and also after four, six, and eight weeks of detraining. Results: Results of Repeated-measure ANOVA and one-way ANOVA showed that neuromuscular performance improved significantly in WBVT group (P<0.05). There were also significant differences between posttest and six and eight weeks of detraining periods in WBVTgroup (P<0.05). Conclusion: WBVT could affect neuromuscular performance in healthy subjects and reduce the probability of falling among them. However, the effects of this training are not persistent, goes back to the early levels after six weeks of detraining. Hence, it is possible that WBVT can be recommended as a safe balance training to older people.}, Keywords = {Elderly, Whole body vibration training, Detraining, Neuromuscular}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {0-0}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم بهزیستی و توانبخشی}, url = {http://salmandj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-420-en.html}, eprint = {http://salmandj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-420-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Ageing}, issn = {1735-806X}, eissn = {1735-806X}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Farhadi, Akram and Foroughan, Mahshid and Mohammadi, Farahnaz}, title = {The Quality of Life Among Rural Elderlies A Cross-sectional Study}, abstract ={Objectives: Life expectancy has increased over the world and resulting in increased number of old people. Thus, it is not just the living years which are important now, but the quality of life is itself a goal. This includes the elderly living in the rural areas as well to help recognize what steps tobe taken to promote these older peoples’ health and prevent disability. This study intends to examine the quality of life of the rural elderlies living in Dashti District of Boushehr Province, Iran. Methods & Materials: In a cross-sectional, descriptive and analytic study,we examined quality of life of the rural older people of Dashti District of Boushehr Province in February 2010, using SF-36 quality of life questionnaire. Applying a multistage cluster sampling, 69 rural older people who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were selected as samples. Data gathering was performed through face to face interview and the statistical software SPSS 17 was used for data analysis. One-way analysis of variance and T-Test were used to determine the relationships between demographic variables and quality of life. Results: The quality of life significantly varied in different ages and marital statuses in its two subscales of vitality and mental health (P<0.05). There was no statistically significant differences in the quality of life of male and female older people (P>0.05). The mean score of sub-scale of physical role limitation was significantly higher in the subjects who were able to read Quran (P=0.016) compared to those who could not. The mean scores of quality of life and its dimensions in the older people living in Dashti Districtwere less than median except in the subscale of social function. Conclusion: According to the results, the quality of life of rural older people in Dashti District is lower than the average, so immediate attention and interventions are necessary to improve their quality of life.}, Keywords = {Rural elderly, Quality of life, Dashti District of Boushehr Province}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {0-0}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم بهزیستی و توانبخشی}, url = {http://salmandj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-419-en.html}, eprint = {http://salmandj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-419-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Ageing}, issn = {1735-806X}, eissn = {1735-806X}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Sadeghiyan, Farideh and Raei, Mahdi and Hashemi, Marziyeh and Amiri, Mohammad and Chaman, Rez}, title = {Elderly and Health Problems: A Cross Sectional Study in the Shahroud Township}, abstract ={Objectives: The elderly is raised as an important issue of nations. In our country due to pyramid of the population program ,planning for any service, needs to understanding the real demands of the elderly the study of health problems of elderly was conducted in2009. Methods & Materials: This study was applied the method of cross-sectional study on 1046 people aged 60-69 years rural and urban in Shahroud. Data gathering tool was a questionnaire, 33 questions from the interview, examination and weighing were completed in the elderly. Data analyze using descriptive and analytical tests were performed using the software spss. Results: 61% of elderly were women. 59.8% lived in urban areas. 60% were illiterate and 13% of those were alone. Elderly problems were 44.7% sleep, 23% hearing, 62% vision, 45.2% of foot, 21.7% constipation, 45.3% impairment of memory, 14.8% of urinary tract, 90.8% stress and 43% reported dental problems. In this study significant relations were found between Sex with joint pain and sleep disorders, living area with visual impairment, visual impairment with education, sleep disorders and dental problems. Conclusion: findings showed that dental, vision, foot and memory were the main problems in the elderly. Development of care and services for the elderly in health and primary health care networks, Health awareness and life skills training to elderly and their families can have an effective role in improving the status of the elderly.}, Keywords = { Elderly, Health problems, Shahroud}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {0-0}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم بهزیستی و توانبخشی}, url = {http://salmandj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-417-en.html}, eprint = {http://salmandj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-417-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Ageing}, issn = {1735-806X}, eissn = {1735-806X}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Salesi, Mohsen and Jowkar, Bahram}, title = {Effects of Exercise and Physical Activity on Happiness of Postmenopausal Female}, abstract ={Objectives: The aim of this research was to study the effect of exercise on happiness in old women. Methods & Materials: 72 sedentary postmenopausal women participated in this study. Participants were randomized into three exercise group (walking, weight training and water exercise) and one control group. The experimental groups contributed in an 8 week training with given intensity and duration. The control group was asked to continues their usual daily routines during the 8 week experimental period. The instrument of study was Revised version of Oxford Happiness Questionnaire (OHQ-R) that was measured before and after the exercise program. Data were analyzed by one way analysis of variance (P<0.05). Results: The findings revealed significantly differences between groups. The results showed the effect of exercise participation on improving happiness and weight training group had most effect in relation with control group. Conclusion: Our study has shown improvements in the parameters of happiness in all exercise groups. Administration of a regular exercise program will be beneficial to sedentary postmenopausal women. It is considered appropriate that old women can benefit from all kind of exercise that introduce in this study for diminish postmenopausal problems.}, Keywords = {Happiness, Physical activity, Postmenopausal women}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {0-0}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم بهزیستی و توانبخشی}, url = {http://salmandj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-415-en.html}, eprint = {http://salmandj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-415-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Ageing}, issn = {1735-806X}, eissn = {1735-806X}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {MomenHeravi, Mansooreh and Afzali, Hasan and Soleimani, Zahra and Matin, Moi}, title = {Common Infectious Diseases Among the Hospitalized Elderly Patients}, abstract ={Objectives: The elderly are more susceptible to the infectious diseaseswith higher risk of morbidity and mortality. Variouspresentations of infectious disease in the elderly can lead to delay in diagnosis. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical featuresof infectious diseases and laboratory findings among the hospitalized elderly patients. Methods & Materials: In a cross sectional study, 248 older people admitted to Beheshti hospital of kashan, Iran, during the year 2009, with an infectious disease were recruited. The patient was diagnosed with an infection if fever or a local site of infection was present. After history taking and physical examination, laboratory tests including blood culture, urine culture, CBC, ESR, and CRP and diagnostic imagings such as sonography, CT scan and MRI were performed. Demographic information, clinical findings and laboratory tests results were recorded through interviews, as well as review of medical records. The results are presented by descriptive statistics. Results: Among a total of 248 patients with mean age of 74. 3 years old, 133(53.6%) were male. Most of the patients (78.4%) aged 60-75 years old. The most common chief complaint was fever (19.4%) followed by dyspnea (14.9%) and the most common underlying disease was hypertension (37%). Pneumonia was the most common infectious disease (23.4%) followed by Spiss (15.7%). a total of 117(47.2%) patients had a previous history of hospitalization. Conclusion: The most common infectious diseases leading to hospitalization and death in the elderly arepneumonia and sepsis.}, Keywords = {Elderly, Infectious diseases, Hospitalization}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {0-0}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم بهزیستی و توانبخشی}, url = {http://salmandj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-422-en.html}, eprint = {http://salmandj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-422-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Ageing}, issn = {1735-806X}, eissn = {1735-806X}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Golparvar, Mohsen and Bozorgmehri, Khatereh and Kazemi, Malihe Sadat}, title = {Integrative Relationship Between Retirement Syndromes Components With General Health Symptoms Among Retired Adults}, abstract ={Objectives: This research was administered with the aim of studying the relationship between retirement syndrome components with general health symptoms in retired adults in Esfahan city. Methods & Materials: This research carried out in descriptive and correlational method. Research statistical population was the retired adults in Esfahan city, among them, 461 persons for participating to research were selected using stratified random sampling, and then retirement syndrome questionnaire (helplessness and failure, older and idleness, trying and new direction and conflict and confusion) and general health questionnaire (somatization, anxiety and insomnia, social dysfunction, and depression) administered to them. Results: 1) Three components have predictive power for prediction of somatization, consisted of: helplessness and failure, older and idleness, trying and new directions, 2) for prediction of anxiety and insomnia, helplessness and failure, trying and new direction, older and idleness have significant predictive power, 3) For prediction of social dysfunction, helplessness and failure, and trying and new directions have significant predictive power, 4) For prediction of depression also, helplessness and failure and trying and new directions have significant predictive power. Conclusion: The finding of this research revealed that, helplessness and failure along with trying and new direction are the two components which must be considered in retired adults. Therefore, it is essential for this two dimensions established counseling centers related to retirement centers for helping retired adults.}, Keywords = { Retirement syndrome, Retired adults, General health}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {0-0}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم بهزیستی و توانبخشی}, url = {http://salmandj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-416-en.html}, eprint = {http://salmandj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-416-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Ageing}, issn = {1735-806X}, eissn = {1735-806X}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Sohbatiha, Mohammad and Aslankhani, Mohammad Ali and Farsi, Alirez}, title = {The Effect of Aquatic and Land-Based Exercises on Static and Dynamic Balance of Healthy Male Older People}, abstract ={Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of exercise in and out of the water on balance level of healthy male older people. Methods & Materials: A total of 40 healthy and physically active males aged more than 65 years old, who had not previously experienced the study exercises were recruited. The subjects were randomly assigned into three different groups: aquatic exercise group (n=13), land-based exercise group (n=12) and control group (n=15). The aquatic exercise and land-based exercise groups participated in a 6 weeks similar exercise program of 3 times per week and 60 minutes per session. Each exercise session consisted of three main phases (warm up, main exercise program and cool down). Both experimental groups were assessed before and after the exercises. The Sharpened Romberg Test and Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT) were used to measure changes in balance level of the subjects before and after exercise. SPSS software version 16. 00 was used for statistical analysis and the significance level was set as P<0.05. Results: Significant improvements were observed in static and dynamic balance of the subjects in bothaquatic exercise and land-based exercise groups (P<0.05) however, no significant differences were observed either between the two groups, nor between pretest and post test scores in the control group (P>0.05). Conclusion: The static and dynamic balance level improves in healthy male older people as a result of aquatic and land-based exercises. However, further evaluations are needed to assess the long-term effects of these exercises.}, Keywords = {Aquatic exercise, Land-based exercise, Balance, Maleelderlies}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {0-0}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم بهزیستی و توانبخشی}, url = {http://salmandj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-421-en.html}, eprint = {http://salmandj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-421-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Ageing}, issn = {1735-806X}, eissn = {1735-806X}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Shams, Farnoosh and HassaniMehraban, Afsoun and Taghizadeh, Ghorb}, title = {The Effects of Multisensory Balance Training on Postural Control in Older Adults}, abstract ={Objectives: It has been found that older adults fall or sway significantly more than younger ones under sensory conflict conditions. Considering the prospects of future increases in the elderly population size of Iran and the lack of proper postural control and the high costs of its probable consequences, this study investigated the effects of multi balance training on postural control. Methods & Materials: In this semi-experimental study, 34 elderly women participated in two training and control groups with the mean ages of 72.4 and 72.9 respectively. Before and after training, to investigate the functional balance and postural control, the Berg Balance Scale and a force plate were used. The training group participated in multisensory balance training sessions of 1 hour classes held three days per week for five weeks. Data was analyzed using an independent sample and a paired t-test. Results: The analysis showed significant differences between the training group and the control after balance training in the measured parameters of postural control consisting of path length and mean velocity in the eyes open (P=0.001) and eyes closed (P=0.0001) conditions and the Berg Balance Scale (P=0.002). Conclusion: Results indicate that multisensory balance training can improve the parameters of postural control even in short term.}, Keywords = {Elderly, Postural control, Multisensory training, Berg balance scale}, volume = {6}, Number = {3}, pages = {7-12}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم بهزیستی و توانبخشی}, url = {http://salmandj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-443-en.html}, eprint = {http://salmandj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-443-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Ageing}, issn = {1735-806X}, eissn = {1735-806X}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Modirian, Ehsan and Sahaf, Robab and AkbariKamrani, Ahmad Ali and Foroughan, Mahshid and ZarifYeganeh, Maryam and Shoaei, Fatemeh and BasirGhafouri, Hamed and Kolahdouz, Farib}, title = {Effects of Tea Consumption on Risk of Osteoporotic Bone Fracture in Older People: Meta-Analysis of Observational studies}, abstract ={Objectives: There have been several studies published in the medical literature over the past 30 years that address the association between tea consumption and osteoporosis with inconsistent findings. A meta-analysis was undertaken, including 8 studies, to determine the effect of tea consumption on the risk of fracture. Methods & Materials: This systematic review and meta-analysis conducted on articles published from 1980 to 2010. We searched the following electronic databases: medline, pubmed, ISI, Embase and Chocrane and also reverent journals using mesh search terms including caffeine, tea, coffee, osteoporosis, Bone Mineral Density (BMD) and fracture*. All the relevant English written articles reviewed by two independent researchers. After title and abstract review non-relevant articles were excluded. The full text of accepted publications was obtained and their content reviewed for final inclusion. Using MOOSE (Meta-analysis Of Observational Studies in Epidemiology) criteria, relevant articles with high quality, reporting odds ratio (OR) or risk ratio (RR) for fracture following tea consumption, selected for meta-analysis. Results: Four hundred and twenty one articles found through the primary searches 78 full text articles evaluated. Only 8 of them fulfilled all the inclusion criteria and their relevant data were extracted included into the analysis. The meta-analysis showed that tea consumption can have a protective effect on the risk of hip fracture which is not significant (RR=0.872, 0.733-1.038). Analysis by type of the studies suggests that according to cohort studies there is a significant decrease in the risk of hip fracture following tea consumption (RR=0.749, 0.603-0.929) while case-control studies do not support this findings (RR=1.157, 0.863-1.553). Conclusion: Tea as a popular drink throughout the world can reduce the risk of osteoporotic bone fractures along with its known antioxidant effects.}, Keywords = {Tea, Osteoporosis, Fracture, Meta-analysis}, volume = {6}, Number = {3}, pages = {13-20}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم بهزیستی و توانبخشی}, url = {http://salmandj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-496-en.html}, eprint = {http://salmandj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-496-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Ageing}, issn = {1735-806X}, eissn = {1735-806X}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Razaghi, Reza and KhalifeSoltani, Ahmad and MomenHeravi, Mansoureh}, title = {Tetanus immunity in 50 Years of Age and Older Persons in Kashan}, abstract ={Ojectives: Tetanus is a neurologic disorder which occurs as sporadic cases in people with incomplete vaccination course.The most tetanus patients are people over 60 years of age.It is a important disease in elderly patients because of risk of severe forms and high rate of morbidity and mortality This study was conducted to evaluate tetanus immunity in 50 years of age and older people in kashan-Iran. Methods & Materials: This cross-sectional survey was conducted on 180 randomly selected adults, 50 years of age and older who visited Booali laboratory for check up examination in kashan -Iran in 2008.After taking consent form standard questionnaires consisting demographic data and history of vaccination were filled and 5cc blood taken from selected persons and tetanus toxoid-specific antibody were measured by ELISA method .Results were analyzed by SPSS and presented by descriptive statistics. Results: Sixty five per cent of adults 50 years of age and olderhad no protective levels of tetanus antitoxin (<0.1 IU/mL). Overall, 180 persons were included. Of these, 72(40%) had never received a toxoid booster, while 47(26.1%) had received a booster at least once. Among 86 participants aged>60 years, 6(7%) had protective antitoxin levels IU/mL 0.1-1, and 5(5.8%) had protective antitoxin levels  IU/mL≥1. Male gender and prior receipt of toxoid booster(s) wereassociated with protective tetanus immunity. Tetanus antitoxin levels declined with age. Conclusion: It appears that most 50 years of age and older adults do not have protective levels of tetanus antitoxin because of inadequate vaccination coverage. There is a need to improve the immunity levels of this age group.}, Keywords = {Tetanus, Immunity, 50 years of age}, volume = {6}, Number = {3}, pages = {21-25}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم بهزیستی و توانبخشی}, url = {http://salmandj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-465-en.html}, eprint = {http://salmandj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-465-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Ageing}, issn = {1735-806X}, eissn = {1735-806X}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Ghavami, Marjan and AkbariKamrani, Ahmad Ali and Sarfaraz, Zohre and Fallahpour, M}, title = {The Effect of Client-Centered Occupational Therapy on the Self-Care Satisfaction and Performance of Older Adults With Cerebrovascular Accidents}, abstract ={Objectives: This study has been done in order to evaluate the effects of client-centered occupational therapy on satisfaction and self-care performance among clients with stroke. Methods & Materials: In this study, 24 clients with stroke who were referred to Rofeydeh Stroke Rehabilitation Center were selected by randomized sampling based on the inclusion criteria and randomly divided into two groups of twelve–intervention and control. Two clients from the study group refused to continue and were excluded from the study. Subsequently, the clients in the intervention group received 24 forty-five-minute sessions of client-centered occupational therapy in self-care activities. The control underwent the conventional occupational therapy. The time of each treatment session for both groups was 45 minutes. Data collection tool included a questionnaire for client demographics, the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM) and Barthel's ADL Index. Results: There was no significant difference between the two groups in satisfaction, performance and independency in self-care neither before nor after intervention. However, for each group, independent of the other, significant differences were found before and after intervention in satisfaction levels (intervention: P=0.009 control: P=0.011), performance status (intervention: P=0.028, control: P=0.007) and independency in self-care (intervention: P=0.019 control: P=0.029). Conclusion: The findings show that client-centered occupational therapy could improve satisfaction, performance and independency in self-care among clients with stroke. However, this effect was not significant enough to be observed when the two groups were compared. The only significant difference was seen when comparisons were made before and after intervention in the intervention group.}, Keywords = {Client-centred occupational therapy, Self-care activities, Function, Performance, Satisfaction, Stroke}, volume = {6}, Number = {3}, pages = {26-33}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم بهزیستی و توانبخشی}, url = {http://salmandj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-440-en.html}, eprint = {http://salmandj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-440-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Ageing}, issn = {1735-806X}, eissn = {1735-806X}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Gharanjik, Azize and MohammadiShahbolaghi, Farahnaz and Ansari, Gholamreza and Najafi, Farid and Ghaderi, Shadi and Ashrafi, Kazem and Taheri, Negin and Sahaf, Robab}, title = {The Prevalence of Depression in Older Turkmen Adults in 1389}, abstract ={Objectives: The elderly population in the world is growing and, by 2050, it is expected to exceed 20% of the world's population size, with the majority living in developing countries. Psychological disorders are among the most important problems in elderly people. There are some barriers in the elderly with specific race and ethnicity that can lead to difficulty in detection and interpretation of psychological and mood disorders, for instance language and lower education levels. In this survey, the prevalence of depression in elderly Turkmen over 60 years of age was measured based on standard tests. Methods & Materials: This was a cross-sectional study conducted on 300 community- dwelling Turkmen over 60 years of age without cognitive impairment. Individuals were randomly selected using cluster sampling. In this research, questionnaires containing demographic information and standardized questionnaires of depression in the elderly (GDS15) were used and completed during interviews. Results: Data analyses showed that the mean depression score was 4.31±3.353, with 20 percent of participants experiencing mild depression, 10 percent moderate depression, 3 percent severe depression, and 67 percent remaining asymptomatic. The mean age for men and women was 69±7.06 and 67±6.48, respectively. Conclusion: Depression is a significant problem in public health. The prevalence of moderate and severe depression among older Turkmen adults is lower or similar to rates found in other research in Iran. Given the prevalence of mild depression, correct planning for early diagnosis and treatment is necessary. Determining depression-influencing factors is recommended.}, Keywords = {Depression, Elderly, Turkmen}, volume = {6}, Number = {3}, pages = {34-39}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم بهزیستی و توانبخشی}, url = {http://salmandj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-441-en.html}, eprint = {http://salmandj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-441-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Ageing}, issn = {1735-806X}, eissn = {1735-806X}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {KianpourGhahfarokhi, Fatemeh and Hooman, Farzaneh and YazdiMazidi, Sakineh and Ahmadi, Vahi}, title = {The Relationship Between Demographic Characteristics and Retirement Satisfaction in Elderly Retirement}, abstract ={Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between demographic characteristics and retirement satisfaction in elderly members of registered retirement Education Center in Ahwaz. Methods & Materials: This study was descriptive-correlative. The sample of study includes ninety-six retirees referring to retirement center of Ahvaz Using Convenience of haphazard sampling in year 1388. Participants were requested to fill in Retirement Descriptive Index as well as a demographic questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistic, Simple correlation and regression repeatedly analysis (by SPSS 16 versions). Results: There are significant positive correlation between health, employment, financial status, usefulness feeling, spouse employment with retirement satisfaction and negative correlation between retirement age and spouse retirement with retirement satisfaction. Conclusion: This study reveals that health, re-employment after retirement, having a good financial status and usefulness feeling increase retirement satisfaction. But retirement age and retirement satisfaction‌ decrease it.}, Keywords = {Retirement, Retirement satisfaction, Elderly retirement}, volume = {6}, Number = {3}, pages = {40-48}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم بهزیستی و توانبخشی}, url = {http://salmandj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-464-en.html}, eprint = {http://salmandj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-464-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Ageing}, issn = {1735-806X}, eissn = {1735-806X}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {PanahAli, Amir}, title = {A Comparison Between the Level of Happiness Among the Elderly Living at Home and That of Senior Home Residents}, abstract ={Objectives: The present study was designed to compare the level of happiness among the elderly population living at home with that of senior home residents. Methods & Materials: This was a causative-comparative study. The statistical population consisted of all 60 plus men and women residing at home and senior homes in the city of Tabriz, from whom 100 samples were selected in two groups of 50 individuals (25 females and 25 males) using an availability non-random sampling method. The oxford happiness questionnaire was used in order to collect data, which were then analyzed using an independent t-test. Results: Results showed that the level of happiness among the elderly living at home was significantly higher than that of senior home residents. Furthermore, among indicators of happiness, life satisfaction levels, psychological health, positive mood, and efficiency were significantly higher among the elderly living at home. However, there was no significant difference between the two in terms of self-esteem. Conclusion: Findings indicate that, due to better social and family support, the level of happiness among the elderly living at home is significantly higher than that of senior home residents. Conversely, residing at senior homes consequent to financial and family conditions, for those who would otherwise live with family, leads to depressed mood, dissatisfaction with life, and ultimately lack of happiness.}, Keywords = {Happiness, Elderly, Senior homes}, volume = {6}, Number = {3}, pages = {49-55}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم بهزیستی و توانبخشی}, url = {http://salmandj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-439-en.html}, eprint = {http://salmandj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-439-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Ageing}, issn = {1735-806X}, eissn = {1735-806X}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Vali, Leila and PourReza, Abolghasem and RahimiForoushani, Abbas and Ahmadi, Batoul and AkbariKamrani, Ahmad Ali}, title = {Analysis of Inappropriate Medication Use in Older Adults Discharged From Hospitals Affiliated With Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS) Using the Beers Criteria in 2010}, abstract ={Objectives: Studies demonstrate that chronic diseases are more frequent among the elderly than other age groups. Therefore, it is reasonable to assume that more pharmaceuticals are consumed by this age group than by others and that older patients are more prone to pharmaceutical side effects and complications due to such higher drug consumption rates. Changes in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, among others, are considered as major causes of medication related complications among the elderly. Another factor worth noting is the inappropriate choice of medications prescribed for such patients, who can benefit from the identification of such medications and better care in their prescription. These issues are among the well known factors discussed in recent and relevant literature and may inflict significant harm on the health and well-being of the elderly population. Methods & Materials: For the purpose of the present study 212 patients aged 60yr and over (mean age: 69.32 yr) discharged from 4 (2 teaching and 2 non-teaching) general hospitals affiliated with TUMS were selected. The Beers Criteria was employed to assess inappropriate use of pharmaceuticals by the sample population. Results: Findings reveal that there was a significant relation between the level of income and the inappropriate use of medications among the sample population (P=0.041). The most frequent inappropriate use of medications, in order of frequency, included alprazolam (16.66%), chlordiazepoxide (14.28%), fluoxetine (11.90%), and oxazepam (11.90%). The highest rate of drug interactions was observed for the drug clopidogrel (29.4%). Benzodiazepines were recognized as the most frequent class of pharmaceuticals consumed by the patients (49.98%). There was no significant relationship between income rates and the amount of inappropriate drug use (P=0.041). Conclusion: Inappropriate consumption of pharmaceuticals was relatively high among the study population, in comparison to similar consumptions in other countries. Benzodiazepines were recognized as the most frequent drugs used inappropriately by the sample population. Such a behavior may position the elderly to unpredicted and unwanted side effects resulting from drug interactions. Training physicians and medical students in this respect is recommended.}, Keywords = {Inappropriate medication use, Beers criteria, Elderly}, volume = {6}, Number = {3}, pages = {56-65}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم بهزیستی و توانبخشی}, url = {http://salmandj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-438-en.html}, eprint = {http://salmandj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-438-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Ageing}, issn = {1735-806X}, eissn = {1735-806X}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Peiman, Hadi and Yaghoubi, Monire and SeyedMohammadi, Amin and Delpishe, Ali}, title = {Prevalence of Chronic Diseases in the Elderly in Ilam}, abstract ={Objectives: Extra weight and obesity are the most important preventable risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD), especially in the elderly. The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence and associated factors of obesity and hypertension (HTN) as well as cardiovascular diseases and diabetes mellitus (MD) amongst the elderly population in Ilam. Methods & Materials: Using cluster sampling, a random sample of 121 elderly people (62.4% male) with a mean age of 70.4±11.0 years were recruited through a cross-sectional study in the city of Ilam. The height, weight and blood pressure of all samples were measured by an experienced nurse. Results: Mean BMI was 25.3±4.2 Kg/m2. More than half the women (56.1%) and 46.2% of men were affected by either extra weight or obesity. The prevalence of medically-diagnosed CVD, hypertension and diabetes mellitus were 53%, 36.8% and 17.4%, respectively. There was no significant relationship between obesity and extra weight and CVD, HTN and DM. Conclusion: The prevalence of chronic diseases in the studied elderly is associated with aging, literacy and too much time watching TV. In the present study, the prevalence of obesity and being overweight was similar to that of other studies done nationally, but the cardiovascular diseases and hypertension prevalence was higher. In order to decrease the prevalence of chronic diseases in the elderly population, screening and health education programs are suggested.}, Keywords = {Ilam, The elderly, Nutrition status, Chronic diseases }, volume = {6}, Number = {4}, pages = {7-13}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم بهزیستی و توانبخشی}, url = {http://salmandj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-470-en.html}, eprint = {http://salmandj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-470-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Ageing}, issn = {1735-806X}, eissn = {1735-806X}, year = {2012} } @article{ author = {Rafiei, Hossein and EsmaeiliAbdar, Mohammad and Moghadasi, Jafar}, title = {The Prevalence of Potential Drug Interactions Among Critically Ill Elderly Patients in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU)}, abstract ={Objectives: The aim of the research was to determine prevalence of potential drug interactions among elderly patients in the Shahid Bahonar ICU in Kerman. Methods & Materials: In this cross sectional study, data about all elderly patients who were admitted in the intensive care unit from 1/4/2009 to 1/4/2010 were retrieved from medical records and evaluated with regard to the number and type of drug interactions, the number of drugs administered, age, sex, length of stay in the ICU, and the number of doctors prescribing medications of medications administered. The extent and number of drug interactions were investigated based on the reference textbook Drug Interaction Facts and in order to analyze the data collected, using SPSS 18 and according to study goals, a descriptive test, Pierson's correlation test, an independent T-test and a one-way ANOVA were used. Results: In total, 77 types of drugs and 394 drugs were prescribed with a mean of 5.6(SD=1.5) drugs per patient. A total of 108 potential drug interactions were found related to drugs prescribed during the first twenty-four hours. In terms of the type of drug interactions, delayed, moderate and possible types comprised the highest proportion of drug interactions. The four major interactions were between cimetidine and methadone, furosemide and amikacine, phenytoin and dopamine, and heparin and aspirin. The results of Pierson's correlation test were inicative of a positive correlation between the number of potential drug interactions and that of the drugs prescribed (r=0.563, P<0.05). Results of a one-way ANOVA showed that the mean number of potential drug interaction were significantly higher in those who died than in other patients (P<0.05). Conclusion: Elderly patients who are admitted to the intensive care unit are at a high risk of developing drug interactions and better care must be taken by medical team members.}, Keywords = {Elderly patients, Intensive care unit, Drug interactions}, volume = {6}, Number = {4}, pages = {14-19}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم بهزیستی و توانبخشی}, url = {http://salmandj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-471-en.html}, eprint = {http://salmandj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-471-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Ageing}, issn = {1735-806X}, eissn = {1735-806X}, year = {2012} } @article{ author = {Aghanouri, Ali and Mahmoudi, Mahmoud and Salehi, Hamide and Jafarian, Kourosh}, title = {Quality of Life in the Elderly People Covered by Health Centers in the Urban Areas of Markazi Province, Iran}, abstract ={Objectives: To improve quality of life in the elderly through proper plans and active involvement of elderly in their family and community, we should get a lot of information about health-related quality of life because the composition of our population has changed. Infact, the aged population is increasingly growing, that this will, in turn, have an effect on economic progression and well-being in the country. Thus, this study assessed quality of life and its determinants in the people aged 60 years and over living in the urban areas of Central Province. Methods & Materials: This study was a cross-sectional descriptive-analytic survey that included 165 elderly peoples in the urban areas of Markazi Province. Data was obtained via a general and a quality of life (using SF-36) questionnaire. The results were analyzed by Chi-Square, Fisher, independent T-test, ANOVA, Regression, and Pearson correlation coefficient. Results: The average age of the subjects was 70.7 years (men 44.8% and women 55.2%). The mean of total SF-36, physical and mental components' scores were 55.66±22, 51.32±21 and 57.30±25 respectively. Additionally, the mean scores of eight health-related dimensions were as follows: physical functions 56.26±45, role limitations due to physical problems 50.60±27, body pain 51.26±38, general health 45.26±53, vitality 53.24±09, social functioning 67.85±27, role limitations due to mental problems 57.14±45 and mental health 62.88±25. Also, the quality of life scores were significantly associated with sex, previous employment, leisure activities, income, current exercising, present disease and drug consumption (P<0.05). Conclusion: Results showed that the elderly's quality of life in the urban areas in Markazi province is in the middle level and the individuals have better mental health compared to physical health. Moreover, various factors are associated with the elderly’s quality of life, which require comprehensive planning for eliminating gender discrimination and providing facilities for leisure activities and sports in this aged group.}, Keywords = { Elderly, Quality of life, Short form 36 questionnaire}, volume = {6}, Number = {4}, pages = {20-29}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم بهزیستی و توانبخشی}, url = {http://salmandj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-458-en.html}, eprint = {http://salmandj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-458-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Ageing}, issn = {1735-806X}, eissn = {1735-806X}, year = {2012} } @article{ author = {Salehi, Shayeste and Naji, Seyed Ali and Sargazi, Maryam}, title = {The Amount of Consumption of Fruits and Vegetables and Related Factors in the Hospitalized Elderly in Zahedan in 1389}, abstract ={Objectives: The elderly population in Iran is growing. Nutrition is one of the vital factors in the health of the elders. Significant evidence indicates that low consumptions of fruits and vegetables are the most significant risk factor for the development of chronic diseases. The aim of the present study was to investigate the amount of fruit and vegetable consumption among the hospitalized elderly in Zahedan. Methods & Materials: This was an analytical-descriptive study done on 300 people sixty years of age and over who were hospitalized in the city of Zahedan. An accessible sampling method was used along with a researcher-made questionnaire whose validity and reliability had been established. Descriptive statistics (frequency and percentage) as well as inferential statistics (chi-square) with a 99% confidence interval were used for the analysis of the data. Results: According to findings the average age of the research sample was 68.8±5.7. As for their literacy rate 70% of the participants in the study were illiterate. Sixty-nine point six percent were urban dwellers 69.7% of the participants were married 97.7% and 64% of the population under study consumed less-than-recommended vegetables and fruits respectively. There was a statistically significant relationship between the level of education (P<0.001) and marital status (P<0.001) and the recommended amount of vegetable consumption. There was also a significant relationship between being an urban or rural dweller (P<0.002) and education (P<0.001) and the amount of fruit consumption. No statistically significant difference was observed between gender and the amount of vegetable and fruit consumption. The major causes of low vegetable and fruit consumption were ignorance, financial burdens and oral and dental problems. Conclusion: The consumption of fruits and vegetables was very low among the participants. Considering the role of the adequate consumption of fruits and vegetables in elderly health, planning and nutrition interventions are needed in this age group.}, Keywords = {Fruits, Vegetables, The elderly, Hospitalized elderly}, volume = {6}, Number = {4}, pages = {30-36}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم بهزیستی و توانبخشی}, url = {http://salmandj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-472-en.html}, eprint = {http://salmandj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-472-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Ageing}, issn = {1735-806X}, eissn = {1735-806X}, year = {2012} } @article{ author = {HeraviKarimoei, Majideh and Reje, Nahid and Foroughan, Mahshid and Montazeri, Ali}, title = {Elderly Abuse Rates Within Family Among Members of Senior Social Clubs in Tehran}, abstract ={Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine elderly abuse rates, subtypes and related factors in the members of senior social clubs in the city of Tehran. Methods & Materials: This was a cross-sectional survey including 379 elders 65 years and older (125 men and 254 women) presenting to the senior social clubs in Tehran. A face-to-face interview was carried out with every participant either at home or in clubs. Initially, individuals' cognitive states were evaluated using the Iranian version of the Abbreviated Mental Test Score and if scores of 6 and over were obtained, they were included in the study after taking informed consent. Subsequently, the Domestic Elderly Abuse Questionnaire, the Activities of Daily Living Scale for elderly people and a questionnaire designed by the authors for collecting demographic and personal data were completed. The gathered data were analyzed using the Chi square and T tests. Results: The total frequency of elderly abuse was 25.9%. The most frequent subtypes were emotional neglect (17.4%) and psychological abuse (17.2%) and the least were related to abandonment (3.7%) and physical abuse (4.7%). Some factors including sex (P<0.0001), health insurance (P<0.04), occupation (P<0.0001), sufficient financial resources (P<0.0001), drug abuse (P<0.017), mean age (P<0.026), number of children (P<0.03), functional status (P<0.0001) and re-hospitalization (P<0.0001) were significantly different between the abused and non-abused people. Conclusion: Given the high rates of elderly abuse, serious measures must be taken to prevent its long-term consequences.}, Keywords = {Elderly, Abuse, Family, Tehran}, volume = {6}, Number = {4}, pages = {37-50}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم بهزیستی و توانبخشی}, url = {http://salmandj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-468-en.html}, eprint = {http://salmandj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-468-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Ageing}, issn = {1735-806X}, eissn = {1735-806X}, year = {2012} } @article{ author = {GholiZadeh, Soghra and Khankeh, Hamid Reza and Mohammadi, Farahnaz}, title = {The Effect of Book Therapy on Elderly Self-Management Capabilities}, abstract ={Objectives: The aim of the study was to determine the effect of book therapy on elderly self-management capabilities. Methods & Materials: This study was a semi-clinical trial? The study population consisted of all the older adults 65 years of age and over who were members of the senior social club of the fourth district of Tehran. Sixty people were chosen based on inclusion and exclusion criteria and were randomly divided into two groups of 30, study and control. The intervention consisted of five sessions of book therapy over 10 weeks, which was executed for the study group. Self- management capabilities were measured before and after intervention in each group. An SMSA-30 questionnaire was used to collect data (α=0.8), which were analyzed using SPSS 18 and the Chi-square test, the Climograph-Smirnoff test, Fisher's exact test, and the paired and independent T-tests. Results: The mean scores for self-management capabilities before the intervention were 70.77 and 68.46 for the study and control groups respectively, while mean scores after intervention were 73.25 and 69.53 for the study and control groups respectively. Results were statistically meaningful at the 95th percentile. Findings revealed that after intervention the overall score of the study and control groups showed significant difference (P=0.03). Furthermore, the study group scores in behavioral investing, behavioral variability, and optimism were significantly higher than that of the control (P<0.05), which is indicative of the positive effects of intervention. Conclusion: The findings, in addition to the confirmation of our hypothesis, reveal that book therapy improves self-management variables, meaning that such an intervention can lead to significant improvement in self-management of the elderly and their quality of life. Therefore, noninvasive interventions such as book therapy and other kinds of cognitive-behavioral therapy conducted by nurses, in addition to improving self-management capabilities in the elderly, may provide a basis for the promotion of quality in life and active participation of this age group in the society. Needless to say, this study introduces new opportunities in nursing services and research.}, Keywords = {Self-management capabilities, Book therapy, The elderly }, volume = {6}, Number = {4}, pages = {51-57}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم بهزیستی و توانبخشی}, url = {http://salmandj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-467-en.html}, eprint = {http://salmandj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-467-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Ageing}, issn = {1735-806X}, eissn = {1735-806X}, year = {2012} } @article{ author = {Jafari, Zahra and Jafarlou, Fateme and Omidvar, Shaghayegh and Kamali, Mohammad and Sabour, Malihe}, title = {Time Compressed Speech Perception in Elderly People}, abstract ={Objectives: Most of the studies performed on aging and auditory system have historically focused on speech perception disorders in elderly people. According to studies, speech discrimination disorders in aged people usually result from auditory temporal processing impairment. Our study was done to determine the ability of aged people to discriminate time compressed speech. Methods & Materials: The Persian version of the time compressed speech test with 6 lists of monosyllabic words in 3 compression rates of 0, 40 and 60 percent was performed on 36 young adults with an age range of 18 to 30 years and 32 elderly people with an age range of 60 to 80 years with normal hearing in both genders monaurally. Results: In both groups, there was a significant difference between word discrimination scores in three compression rates. Also, a significant difference was shown between young and older adults in three compression rates (P<0.0001). No significant difference was found between the two ears and two genders in different compression rates. Conclusion: With the increase in the speed of speech stimuli, the word discrimination score decreases remarkably, and aging has noticeable effects on the processing of fast speech stimuli.}, Keywords = {Time compressed speech, Speech discrimination score, Aging}, volume = {6}, Number = {4}, pages = {58-64}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم بهزیستی و توانبخشی}, url = {http://salmandj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-469-en.html}, eprint = {http://salmandj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-469-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Ageing}, issn = {1735-806X}, eissn = {1735-806X}, year = {2012} } @article{ author = {Shojaei, Ali and AkbariKamrani, Ahmad Ali and Fadayevatan, Reza and Azimian, Mojtaba and Ghafari, Shahram and Jamali, Mohammad Rez}, title = {The Health Costs and Diseases in Medical Services Insurance Organization, Tehran Province, 1386 (2008)}, abstract ={Objectives: The current research in addition to study of the diseases in the elders, surveys the health costs of these diseases. Methods & Materials: Study of the cost information and related diseases in (MSIO)- Medical Services Insurance Organization, Tehran province, surveys costs and Medical Services of this group on 183093 hospitalized files. Results: 31% of hospital`s referrals and 37% of inpatient costs related to elders and display the expensive Services of this group of the Insured. The mean costs of every hospitalization in elderly groups were 4634384 rials, which was more than total mean costs, from all groups. Diagnostic code I27 (other cardio-vascular diseases), I20 (Angina pectoris), H25 (cataract), I25 (chronic IHD), I50 (heart failure), devote first to fifth grade of the prevalent Diagnosis cods (ICD) in the aged group older than 60 and displays the most prevalence of the cardio-vascular system diseases in the elders. The most common surgical Code (California code) in elderly (above 60 yrs.) was related to Coronary Angioplasty, with its mean cost of 9116371 rials. And then was Cataract. 15% of the Global files are related to the elders which is equal to 23% of the charges of these files in this group of the elders. Extraction of Lens (Intra-capsular and extra-capsular) Lens Insertion (57 code) One-lateral Inguinal Hernia with or without excision of Hydrocele or Spermatocele except Incarcerated Inguinal Hernia (Global code 28), cholecystectomy with or without cholangiography or exploration of Biliary ducts (Global code 27) from first to third grade of the prevalent Global surgeries of the elders. Statistical test displays the Pierson coherent between the age and residence period and paid costs, There is a little positive coherent between the age and residence period in hospital and paid costs. Conclusion: These reviews show the results of the current study (the prevalent in-patient causes) are adapted to the performed studies in this field and cardio-vascular diseases are the most prevalent diseases of the elders with the most health costs.}, Keywords = { Elders, Diseases, Medical costs, Medical services insurance }, volume = {6}, Number = {4}, pages = {65-74}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم بهزیستی و توانبخشی}, url = {http://salmandj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-459-en.html}, eprint = {http://salmandj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-459-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Ageing}, issn = {1735-806X}, eissn = {1735-806X}, year = {2012} } @article{ author = {Saboor, Malihe and Foroughan, Mahshid and MohammadiShahbalaghi, Farahnaz}, title = {Drug Prescription Patterns in Older People Residential Homes}, abstract ={Objectives: Compared to other age groups, older people, especially frail older people residing in nursing homes use medications more due to the higher prevalence of chronic diseases. This study aimed to investigate prescription patterns for older people in nursing homes of Tehran in 2011. Methods & Materials: In this cross-sectional study, the data of 170 older people, sampled random cluster gathering method, using medical records, questionnaires and interview with nurses and physicians. The data analyzed using descriptive statistics including mean, distribution, Chi-square, t-test, Fisher, and SPSS version 16 (P<0.05). Results: The mean average age of the sample was 79.75±2.4% of them were female. 62.4% received more than 5 types of medicines. The mean number of medicines was 7.55 with the ranging of 1-19 drugs. The most medicine forms used by older people were: tablets 98.2%, injection medicines 20.6 %, drops 13.5%, syrup 8.8%, sprays 6.5%, ointments and suppositories 2.9%. The following medicines were used the most used among older people respectively: Central Nervous System drugs, vitamins, cardiovascular drugs, hematologic and gastrointestinal drugs. Vitamins (81.2%), ASA (37.64%), Alprazolam (22.35%) were the most used drugs. There was not a significant relationship between participating in geriatric educational course And the mean numbers of the prescribed medications (P=0.054)., as well as between covering by health insurance specialty in medicine and the mean of the numbers of mediations (P=0.068). There was a significant relationship between having insurance and the mean number of prescribed medicine (P=0.05). Conclusion: Developing educational programs on geriatric pharmacology general practitioners and more supervision on residential care homes practices may have affects on prescription pattern.}, Keywords = { Prescription pattern, Older people, Residential home care}, volume = {6}, Number = {0}, pages = {7-13}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم بهزیستی و توانبخشی}, url = {http://salmandj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-478-en.html}, eprint = {http://salmandj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-478-en.PDF}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Ageing}, issn = {1735-806X}, eissn = {1735-806X}, year = {2012} } @article{ author = {NoKohanAhvazi, Khalil and Sahaf, Robab and AkbariKamrani, Ahmad Ali}, title = {Drug Perscription Patterns of Out Patient Medication for Older People Insured by Social Organization Insurance in Year 2009}, abstract ={Objectives: Life expectancy and adolescents’ increment, as a threat or opportunity attracted researchers’ attention. Studies show an increase in treatment expenditures and adults care needs in comparison to other age groups. The goal of this study has been evaluating of medicine prescription in Iranian SSO insured adolescents and comparison in adolescence groups. Methods & Materials: It has been a retrospective, descriptive-analytical-cross sectional study by evaluating of SSO insured out patients’ prescriptions during the Year 1388. The information includes basic pattern tables consist of Drug name, pattern of specific prescribed drugs, Mean price of specific prescribed drugs, Expenditure of specific prescribed drugs, pattern More prescribed drug groups based on ATC classification, pattern The most prescribed drug groups based on adolescents’ age groups, non-adolescent group and WHO’s separated adolescents’ age groups. Results: The prescribed pattern drugs mean in under and over 60 years old people showed meaningful difference (P<0.005). The prescribed pattern drugs mean in three groups of adolescents, also showed meaningful difference (P<0.001). In addition the expenditure mean of prescribed drugs in under and over 60 years old people and in three groups of adolescents shows meaningful difference as P<0.004 and P<0.001 respectively. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, adolescence has direct and increasing effect on refers to physicians and pharmacies. Among the adolescents' groups the expenditure mean increases although the number of refers decrease with in age increasing. By determining the most prescribed medicines, prevention of chronic diseases could be possible by education and training of families.}, Keywords = {Adolescent, Adolescent's groups, ATC}, volume = {6}, Number = {0}, pages = {14-23}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم بهزیستی و توانبخشی}, url = {http://salmandj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-475-en.html}, eprint = {http://salmandj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-475-en.PDF}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Ageing}, issn = {1735-806X}, eissn = {1735-806X}, year = {2012} } @article{ author = {Roshani, Zahra and AkbariKamrani, Ahmad Ali}, title = {Association Between the Prevalence of Common Diseases and Demo-Graphic, Occupational Factors in Elderly Staff in IRIB in 2010}, abstract ={Objectives: The purpose of this study was to explaine the association between the prevalence of common diseases and demographic, occupotional factors in elderly staff in IRIB (Tehran center) Regarding the increasing of elderly populationin the world, indluding IRAN, the prevalence of the physical disability in this age range is raised which leads to several unfavarable out comes such as: hospitalization, overuse of health care system and mortality rate. For achiving elderly health and preventing of chronic diseases and decreasing prevalence of elderly common diseases, the firsrt step is indentification of their health status. By which, we can recognise their health and medical needs and also prevent their occurrence. Considring relationship between demographic occupational factors and common disease in elderly staff in radio and television centers , unfortunately, I could not find any article. Methods & Materials: This study is a cross-sectional one wich was conducted on 152 enderly patient who were reffered to IRIB Clinic and studied for association between demographic and occupational factors with prevalenc of common diseases. In this reaserch a questionnaire contaning demographic information and history of diseases was used. They were complated with elderly paintent. then the phesition examined them. Data were analyzed with analysis of T-test chi-2 and pearson correlation in spss16. Results: The analysis of our data showed that osteoarthrities (46%), hypertension (36%), heart diseases (35.5%) and diabet (21%) were the most common diseases in elderly patient that were reffered to IRIB clinic during the year 1389. In this study a significant relactionship was observed between osteoarthrities, hypertension, heart disease and age (P=0.000), BMI (P=0.000), Incom level (P=0.000), education (P=0.000) and physical activity (P=0.01) while, ther was no singificany relationship between heart diseases and diabet whit gender (P=0.17), reffering times to the general practitioner and life satisfaction. (P=0.07) Conclusion: osteoarthrities, heart diseases, Hypertention and diabet are the most common diseases in the elderly staffs in IRIB. According to this study, there is a significant relation between prevalence of common diseases and health related variable. therfore through implementation of such programs like: changing life style, regular and periodic clinical examination ,changing diet habit, we can identification of these diseases in the primary stage and preventation of disability in the future will be possible.}, Keywords = { IRIB, Common diseases, Staff, Elderly age }, volume = {6}, Number = {0}, pages = {24-33}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم بهزیستی و توانبخشی}, url = {http://salmandj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-476-en.html}, eprint = {http://salmandj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-476-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Ageing}, issn = {1735-806X}, eissn = {1735-806X}, year = {2012} } @article{ author = {Tavakoli, Mahmood and Sahaf, Robab and Farhoudian, Ali and Bakhtavar, Yadollah}, title = {The Influence of Detoxification on the Quality of Life in Substance Addicts Lives With 40-65 Years of Age Referring to the Charity “Ongress60}, abstract ={Objectives: during the last two decades , Activities concerning demand reduction and specially addict’s treatment and rehab have outstandingly improved in Iran. Now different treatment alternatives such as outpatient and residential care centers such as‚ abstinence based and spiritual therapies like, narcotic anonymous are developed. Treatment program in human recovery population is replacing opium tincture and gradually reduction of it (during 11 month). And it includes group and spiritual therapies. Methods & Materials: this research is a descriptive study which has been done cohort and longitudinal during 3 months (from the beginning’ one and three months after entrance). In this research, the quality of life has been assessed. Participants include all addicts over 40 who have referred to the society (congress 60) for detoxification. Choosing the samples has been based on the method of accessible sampling. Demographic questionnaire and life quality questionnaire have been collecting information tools. Data’s have been analyzed by software spss. Results: out of 33 people, 15 were over 50 years old. The substance abused include: Opium abuse With the frequency of 12 people (36.4%) ‚heroin crack with the frequency of 14 people (42.2%) had the most frequency. Monthly cost of drug abusing is on average 159/849 toomans, for each person. for all subscales of life quality, P-value has been reported below 0.05. Conclusion: Detoxification has been effective in improving quality of life. just for the two following questions the persons opinion has not changed during three periods: "it seems that I get diseases easier than others" and my health is the same as other people I know". it can be said perhaps short period treatments have little influence on the change of "ones deep attitude towards himself" and a deep, essential change of attitude needs long period rehabilitation programs.}, Keywords = { Addiction, Ageing, Detox, Quality of life}, volume = {6}, Number = {0}, pages = {34-40}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم بهزیستی و توانبخشی}, url = {http://salmandj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-480-en.html}, eprint = {http://salmandj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-480-en.PDF}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Ageing}, issn = {1735-806X}, eissn = {1735-806X}, year = {2012} } @article{ author = {Sadeghi, Fariba and Kaldi, Alireza and Sahaf, Robab}, title = {Elderly People and Their Family Care Explanation of Their Experience From Age–Friendly City of Tabriz}, abstract ={Objectives: The world is aging. Elderly population of the cities increased from 45% in 1975 to 57% in 1995. WHO reported that the percentage of elderly population in the years 2006 and 2050 has the following: Africa (6%, 9%), Asia (9%, 24%), Europe (21%, 34%), Latin America and the Caribbean (9%, 24 %), North America (17%, 27%), Pacific (14%, 25%) respectively. In 1995, the population over 60 years in Iran was 6.6% of the total population. In 1999, this figure reached 7.8% and will be 10.3% in 2021. One necessary need of elderly people having a healthy environment and for providing this need in the world, many studies have been done. WHO is named this year (2011) "urbanization and health" and during an international project titled "Age-friendly cities" has clear priorities. Methods & Materials: There were a few reports on seniors in Iran, so this research was conducted based on elderly and their caregivers. Qualitative research method was used. Based on "purposeful sampling" method elderly people over 60 years were selected in two Shahid Montazeri and Shahid Monem Pour health centers of Tabriz. They arranged in eight-person groups and characteristics of age-friendly cities by the operator discuss proposed and the obtained comments of focus group discussions and recorded and wrote down line by line. The information analyzed as a "content analysis" and results were extracted. Results: The participants comments of Shahid Montazeri focus group discussion were as follows: the most common complaints were about sewer rats and non-existence of moral Security in the park, the second, leading cause of poor neighborhoods and parking lights on, the third was: trees are in front of lights. They said, "Station location is inappropriate and the toilet seat in the park does not exist". Comments of seniors in Zafaranieh health centers were as follows: Most complain were about of sewer rats, stray dogs, the lack of shelter in bus station-a bad positions of bus station, the lack of chairs in the station, bus delays and crowded shopping center and in the second were: sewage problems ,bad bus route, bad bus and bad traffic culture. Conclusion: The results showed there are required to intervention and collaboration of city organization for providing elder people needs.}, Keywords = { Age-friendly city, Focus group discussions}, volume = {6}, Number = {0}, pages = {41-51}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم بهزیستی و توانبخشی}, url = {http://salmandj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-477-en.html}, eprint = {http://salmandj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-477-en.PDF}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Ageing}, issn = {1735-806X}, eissn = {1735-806X}, year = {2012} } @article{ author = {Farzanegan, Sharareh and FadayeVatan, Reza and Mobasheri, Mahboube and Seraj, Reza and Mansourian, Yaz}, title = {Explanation People and Their Family Care Explanation of Them}, abstract ={Objectives: Elder abuse (Doing or not done a single or repeated act That bothers or to cause harm to an elderly) is one of the social health problems in modern societies to rise and has a prominent role in prevention education The objective of this study was to investigate elderly abuse in Persian literature. Methods & Materials: This study identified themes related to elder abuse in Persian literature and the educational structure were developed developed In this regard, poems of poets and authors of Persian literature Using the software for Dorj book including 178 of 101 literary Persian poet and author is known and ganjur Site including large number of poets and In cases where there was no electronic versions of books were read line by line And using a library of content analysis, subjects were studied Results: The study defined types of elder abuse and elder abuse causes of elder abuse and how to prevent abuse of the elderly that each expression is detailed in the text Conclusion: The results of the rich Persian literature could result in abuse of elderly has been considered from two aspects 1- denounced the abuse of older 2- culture of reverence and respect for the elderly in order to prevent abuse of the elderly}, Keywords = {Elderly, Elder abuse, Respect, old, Elderly parents, Neglect, Persian literatur}, volume = {6}, Number = {0}, pages = {52-57}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم بهزیستی و توانبخشی}, url = {http://salmandj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-482-en.html}, eprint = {http://salmandj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-482-en.PDF}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Ageing}, issn = {1735-806X}, eissn = {1735-806X}, year = {2012} } @article{ author = {Soltani, Mohammad Hossein and Sahaf, Robab and MohammadiShahbolaghi, Farahnaz and Ghaffari, Shahram and Khosravi, Ardeshir and Gohari, Mahmoud Rez}, title = {Elderly, Duration of Hospitalization and Hospital Cost in Milad Hospital in Iran}, abstract ={Objectives: There are much more studies about adolescence in most countries in compare with other age groups. The goal of this study is evaluation of relationship between duration of hospitalization in elderly patients in comparison to the middle ages. Methods & Materials: This is a descriptive analysis, cross sectional, case study and retrospective research that was done after gathering the data of elderly and middle age patient in MILAD Hospital. First of all prevalent causes of admission in hospital has been detected. Descriptive analysis about tow important factors include: Duration of hospitalization and bed cost has been done. By statistical tests (T.Test, Analysis Of Variance-ANOVA- and other analytical test) the results had been analyzed and compared with similar researches. Results: In this study data of 12.989 patient has been analyzed (7,279 adolescent people with age range of 60±8.73 and 5,710 middle age people with age range of 45±4.17 which 6,430 were female and 6,559 were male). Based on this study the duration of hospitalization and bed costs of adolescents has been significantly more than middle age patients (P<0.001). As well, the bed costs of people between 60-75 years old has been significantly much more than other adolescents (P<0.001). Analysis showed that bed costs and duration of hospitalization has been significantly more in men than women (P<0.001). Conclusion: 1) Elderliness increases the duration of hospitalization, 2) The longest duration of hospitalization has been for 60-75 years old patients, 3) Duration of hospitalization was longer for men than women.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {6}, Number = {0}, pages = {58-65}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم بهزیستی و توانبخشی}, url = {http://salmandj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-489-en.html}, eprint = {http://salmandj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-489-en.PDF}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Ageing}, issn = {1735-806X}, eissn = {1735-806X}, year = {2012} } @article{ author = {ShiraziKhah, Marzieh and Mousavi, Mirtaher and Sahaf, Robab}, title = {Study of Health and Social Indicators of Elderly Women in Iran}, abstract ={Objectives: by reducing the fertility rate and Improve health& social conditions in Iran, increases the statistics of population older women also follow the whole population of seniors. So that in two decades than has increased the population of elderly women to total female population of 3 percent to 4.1 percent in the recent census in 2006 to 7 percent and is expected that increasing continues this trend the next decades. Global statistics show that significantly more elderly woman than elderly men in most countries, developed and developing, But according to the Statistical Center of Iran shows that during 1976-2006 has increased in every decade the number of elderly women in Iran Due to improved health services, social and economic, but has reduced the population of elderly women than elderly men This happened while usually Is less life expectancy in men than women .therefore In this paper we study the population status, health, education, family status, employment, quality of life and isolation of elderly women in Iran and We review different reasons than elderly women than elderly men in gender. Methods & Materials: This study is a descriptive-analytical study and a library that was used in the Statistics Center of Iran as the country's census is the most documented. In addition, we search for related database in English and Persian, including pubmed, medline, ISI and Web site World Health Organization and Scientific Information Database To obtain demographic and social information about the Iranian elderly population. Also took advantage of the views of experts to analyze the findings gerontology, epidemiology and sociology on gender differences in the elderly population in Iran. Result: With a deep look at the situation of elderly women from different dimensions, including physical health, psychological-psychological, familial, social and... Understand that Despite the efforts and improvements in health status, social and economic in Iranian elderly women, differences in health indicators-social and elderly women than elderly Iranian population could be due to the unequal status of health and social status of women men Some of these differences include: the life expectancy for women than men (73 years versus 68 years), more elderly men than elderly women (51.84% versus 48.16%), heart disease and blood pressure is higher in elderly women than elderly men (25 and 42.6 versus 17 and 42%) prevalence of fat type of triglycerides in the blood is higher in older women than men (63.6 versus 42.6%), the prevalence of osteoporosis bone is higher in older women than men (56.3 versus 16.7%) rate of drug use is higher in older women than men (34.9 versus 25.4%) illiteracy rate is higher in older women than men (80.15 versus 56%) rate of emotional problems and mental illness is higher in older women than men (25.3 versus 8.17%) rate the quality of life is lower in elderly women than men (31.6 versus 34.26%) of the deposit's elderly nursing home is more than older men (60.6 versus 39.4%) is much more alone in elderly women than elderly men (12.8 versus 2.5%) Conclusion: Shows the results that elderly women are fragile not only of gender but also the various aspects mentioned above are fragile .And this led to threats of this group from the quantity and quality of life. So it seems to be accurate in the future national studies in order to better understand the aging population, especially women and other fragile groups to and also be designed to the prevention and treatment interventions, with attention to fragile women disabilities and their lack of financial security and will also feel the need to pay special attention to young women before and after aging.}, Keywords = {Senior, Older women, Health, Social situation, Status family }, volume = {6}, Number = {0}, pages = {66-78}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم بهزیستی و توانبخشی}, url = {http://salmandj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-481-en.html}, eprint = {http://salmandj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-481-en.PDF}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Ageing}, issn = {1735-806X}, eissn = {1735-806X}, year = {2012} }