126 1735-806X دانشگاه علوم بهزیستی و توانبخشی 295 General Tehranian Elderly People’s Experiences About Leisure Time Activities and Recreations Rahimi Abolfazl b Anoosheh Monireh c Ahmadi Fazlollah d Foroughan Mahshid e b Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Trbiat Modaress University, Tehran, Iran c d e 1 4 2010 5 1 0 0 25 12 2009 10 02 2010 Objectives: The aim of this study was to explain the various style of leisure activity and recreation of elderly people in Tehran. Methods & Materials: To achieve this purpose, 17 older participants within the age range of 65-86 years who were selected through purposeful sampling undertook semi structured interviews. A conventional qualitative content analysis was used for analyzing the data. Results: The themes captured were classified into five main categories. The categories were: 1) Common elderly’s leisure activities, 2) Barriers and obstacles of leisure activity, 3) Family role and leisure activity, 4) Effects of recreation on elderlys’ life, and 5) Leisure activity promotion approaches. Some distinctive themes within each of the categories were identified. Conclusion: The findings of this study showed a dissatisfactory image and improper attitude to leisure time activities and recreations in our older people, according to their lived experiences and perceptions.
296 General Cognitive Rehabilitation An Effective Intervention to Decrease the Cognitive Deficits in Older Adults With Alzheimer Disease Amini Mehdi f Dowlatshahi Behroz g Dadkhah Asghar h Lotfi Mojhgan i f Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation Sciencs, Tehran, Iran. g h i 1 4 2010 5 1 0 0 12 12 2009 20 02 2010 Objectives: The aim of present study was to investigate the effect of cognitive rehabilitation, a new and non-pharmacological approach to reduce memory and other cognitive deficits in Alzheimer's disease. Methods & Materials: This study was a quasi-experimental research, in singlesubject study-with control group- and based on an A-B design. That was conducted in two groups of control and experimental in order to evaluate effectiveness of cognitive rehabilitation, to decrease memory and other cognitive function deficits in elders with Alzheimer's disease. Subjects consisted of eight patients (4 controls and 4 experiments) with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease. For experiment group, interventions were held in 45 minutes -1 hour session, twice weekly for 6 weeks. For data collection, patients evaluated through MMSE, WMS-O, 1 and 12 sessions. Nonparametric statistical analysis were conducted to compare the control and experimental groups. Results: The analysis of data showed that cognitive functions in the paired patients and groups before the interventions were similar, but after the intervention, level of cognitive and memory functions in experimental group increased significantly (d=1.22 and d=2.54) and improvement. Conclusion: Consequently, the hypothesis of “cognitive rehabilitation improves the memory in elders with Alzheimer’s disease”, was confirmed. 292 General Comparing Age-Ralated Changes of Balance Performance In Youth and Older Adults Nobahar Ahari Monireh j Nejati Vahid k Hosseini Ali l j Department of Occupational Therapy, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Science, Tehran, Iran. k l 1 4 2010 5 1 0 0 28 11 2009 20 02 2010 Objectives: The purpose of current study was to compare the effect of aging on balance in different sensory conditions. Methods & Materials: In this cross sectional study we compared 20 healthy youth (with age 22.75±2.29) and 20 healthy older adults (with age 65.1±4.16) in single leg standing in different sensory conditions. Sensory conditions were open eye/ hard surface (OEHS), closed eye/ hard surface (CEHS), closed eye/ foam surface (CEFS) as balance tasks. One-way ANOVA, paired t-test and Independent Sample t-test were used. Results: findings showed significant difference between youth and older adults in all three sensory conditions. In addition, in each group, there was significant difference between OEHS and CEHS/ CEFS. Hence, significant difference was seen between CEHS and CEFS in each group. Conclusion: based of our findings sensory information is more critical for balance in elderly than youth. In addition, standing on One-Leg can be used as a proper test for evaluation of older adults. 290 General Designing and Determining Psychometric Properties of the Domestic Elder Abuse Questionnaire Heravi-Karimooi Majid m Anoosheh Monireh n Foroughan Mahshid o Sheykhi Mohammad Taghi p Hajizadeh Ebrahim m Department of Nursing, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran. n o p 1 4 2010 5 1 0 0 23 12 2009 20 02 2010 Objectives: The purpose of this methodological study was to design and determine the psychometric properties of a new and specific questionnaire for assessing domestic elder abuse in the context of Iranian culture. Methods & Materials: This study was conducted in three phases. In the first phase, phenomenology was applied to explore the meaning of domestic elder abuse phenomenon. In the second phase, a questionnaire was compiled, using the results of the qualitative research implemented in the first phase, in conjunction with the inductions from the expert panel. In the third phase, the psychometric properties including face validity, content validity, construct validity, internal consistency, and test- retest reliability were measured. 325 elderly people who were selected randomly participated in the last stage. Results: The initial 78 item questionnaire designed using the results of first and second phases of study, reduced to 49 items in the process of determining the face and content validity. The result of exploratory factor analysis showed that this questionnaire contains 8 factors including care neglect, psychological abuse, physical abuse, financial abuse, curtailment of personal autonomy, abandonment, financial neglect and emotional neglect. These 8 factors explained nearly 79.93% of the variance. The results of known groups' comparisons showed that this questionnaire could successfully discriminate between subgroups of elderly people in the indexes of re-hospitalization and functional status. The internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha) was 0.90–0.975. Test-retest reliability (ICC) of the questionnaire with interval time of two weeks was 0.98 (P<0.001). Conclusion: We concluded that the Domestic Elder Abuse questionnaire with 49 items appears to be a promising tool, providing reliable and valid data helping to detect abuse among elders in different settings such as clinical settings, homes and research environments by health care providers and researchers. 293 General The Needs of Hospitalized Elderly Patients: A Qualitative Study Rejeh Nahid Heravi-Karimooi Majideh Foroughan Mahshid Department of Nursing, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran. 1 4 2010 5 1 0 0 22 12 2009 03 03 2010 Objectives: The aim of this study was to describe and explain older adults' perspectives on the experience of their hospitalization. Methods & Materials: This qualitative research adopted a content analysis approach. Twenty seven participants (65-81 years) selected through a purposel sampling from three university hospitals in Tehran went through open in depth interviews. All the interviwes were taped, then transcribed verbatim and undertook content analysis using the method described by Kvale. Results: Six main contributing categories were emerged: Access to basic resources, participation in the process of care, empathy, respect and dignity, providing information, inducing hope and optimism Conclusion: These findings may help professionals to better understand the problems concerning the experience of hospitalization, to identify factors which decrease the stresses arising from the hospitalization and to find the ways to smooth the impact of the situation on the older people. The findings also emphasized the necessity of designing and implementing the nursing trainings in a way to better responds to the needs of elderly. 297 General The Study of the Relationship Between Religious Beliefs Performance and Life Satisfaction Among the Elderly Hadjizadeh Meimandi Masoud Barghamadi Mahdi Department of Sociology, Faculty of Humanities, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran. 1 4 2010 5 1 0 0 10 01 2010 05 03 2010 Objectives: the study of the relationship between religious beliefs performance and life satisfaction among the elderly in Sabzavar city. Methods &  Materials: the data gathered about religious beliefs performance and also life satisfaction among the elderly by survey research and questionnaires in representative sample. The size of sample was 301 old persons and the technique of sampling was clusters sampling. The data analyzed with descriptive statistical tests, correlation coefficient, multiple regression, T test and one-way analysis of varianceTop of Form Bottom of Form Results: the relationships between four domains of religious beliefs performance with life satisfaction wereweekly meaningful, also the difference between the score of life satisfaction and religious beliefs performance were meaningful. In addition, there were meaningful relationship between the scores of life satisfaction of the subjects at the various levels of education. Conclusion: The life satisfaction between those old persons (the elderly) that have more commitment to religious beliefs, were more and this finding is in agreement with Islamic instructions. 294 General Recognition of the Health Related Factors of Aged Population of Minoodar in Order to Design Research Interventions (1387) Asefzadeh Saeid Ghodoosian Ahmad Department of Health Management, Qazvin University Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran. 1 4 2010 5 1 0 0 20 01 2010 10 03 2010 Objectives: The assessment of the elderly’s health condition can help to design interventional studies to promote their satisfaction and quality of delivered medical services. We intended to evaluate health priorities of the aged population of Minoodasht district. Methods & Materials: The data were collected from 119 people aged 60 or over through door-to-door structured interviews containing 25 stems with in the location during March 2009. The data were analyzed using statistical methods. Results: A total of 119 people 57% men and 43% women with average age of 65.7 years old, were interviewed. The most prevalent disease within the target population were musculoskeletal (22.6%), cardiovascular (15.5%), digestive and endocrine (15.5%), infectious (14.3%), respiratory (11%) and CNS (5.9%) disorders. The average rate of hospitalization of the people was 40% per year. The causes of hospitalization were cardiovascular diseases (25%), surgeries (20.5%), infectious diseases (13.6%), eye diseases (9.1%), gynecology (4.5%), and casualties (4.5%) of the total. The average expenditure per prescription was 60330 Rials (Iranian currency). Conclusion: The study revealed that preventive interventions within the pilot proposals should be implemented to improve the health status of the people of the area. A health consultancy unit is also being initiated for this purpose. 291 General Effective Environmental Aspects of Public Spaces Formation to Achieve Successful Aging With Emphasis on Elderly Preferences of Shiraz Pourjafar Mohammad Reza Taghvaee Ali Akbar Bemanian Mohammad Reza Sadeghi Ali Reza Ahmadi Feryal Department of Urban Planning and Architecture, Faculty of Art and Architecture, University of Tarbiat Modares Tehran, Tehran, Iran. 1 4 2010 5 1 0 0 05 01 2010 12 03 2010 Objectives: The purpose of this research was to identify and present environmental aspects that affect elders presence and participation in urban public spaces. Methods & Materials: The current research is an analytic- descriptive type in survey beds. Statistical sample of this research were elders over 65 years of Shiraz City that attended and participated in urban public places. Data of this research was collected from 2 groups of 50 people with in-depth interviews and 144 people through questionnaire of the selected sample. Also, SPSS and LISREL software applied as an analysis procedure, analytical factor as a structure and weighted least square as an analysis data method. Results: Following aspects are important in elders view towards urban spaces: 1) Access (public access to space, T=4.81), 2) Security (low occurrence of crime, T=14.09), 3) Comfort (appropriate and designed furniture, T=5.59), 4) Dynamism and attractiveness (various functions, T=3.94), 5) Harmony with nature (cleanliness and lack of pollution, T=5.44), 6) Ambiguity (presence of detectable spots, T=7.24), 7) Identity (color & material harmony with environment, T=3.37), 8) Freedom (free to do various activities, T=9.49), 9) Event disclosure (occur cultural events, T=4.65), 10) Context (harmony with the surrounding environment, T=4.44), 11) Unity (low dispersion of space elements, T=26.72), 12) Order (general and detail order in space, T=15.79), 13) Image (design in accordance with local customs, T=7.76) Conclusion: Recognizing elderly’s needs and making appropriate efforts to respond to their needs and preferences in designing urban public spaces can improve their quality of life and enhance their achievement of successful aging goals.