126 1735-806X دانشگاه علوم بهزیستی و توانبخشی 470 General Prevalence of Chronic Diseases in the Elderly in Ilam Peiman Hadi Yaghoubi Monire Seyed Mohammadi Amin Delpishe Ali e e Shool of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 1 1 2012 6 4 7 13 20 08 2011 02 12 2011 Objectives: Extra weight and obesity are the most important preventable risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD), especially in the elderly. The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence and associated factors of obesity and hypertension (HTN) as well as cardiovascular diseases and diabetes mellitus (MD) amongst the elderly population in Ilam. Methods & Materials: Using cluster sampling, a random sample of 121 elderly people (62.4% male) with a mean age of 70.4±11.0 years were recruited through a cross-sectional study in the city of Ilam. The height, weight and blood pressure of all samples were measured by an experienced nurse. Results: Mean BMI was 25.3±4.2 Kg/m2. More than half the women (56.1%) and 46.2% of men were affected by either extra weight or obesity. The prevalence of medically-diagnosed CVD, hypertension and diabetes mellitus were 53%, 36.8% and 17.4%, respectively. There was no significant relationship between obesity and extra weight and CVD, HTN and DM. Conclusion: The prevalence of chronic diseases in the studied elderly is associated with aging, literacy and too much time watching TV. In the present study, the prevalence of obesity and being overweight was similar to that of other studies done nationally, but the cardiovascular diseases and hypertension prevalence was higher. In order to decrease the prevalence of chronic diseases in the elderly population, screening and health education programs are suggested.
471 General The Prevalence of Potential Drug Interactions Among Critically Ill Elderly Patients in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) Rafiei Hossein f Esmaeili Abdar Mohammad Moghadasi Jafar f School of Medicine, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 1 1 2012 6 4 14 19 20 07 2011 25 11 2011 Objectives: The aim of the research was to determine prevalence of potential drug interactions among elderly patients in the Shahid Bahonar ICU in Kerman. Methods & Materials: In this cross sectional study, data about all elderly patients who were admitted in the intensive care unit from 1/4/2009 to 1/4/2010 were retrieved from medical records and evaluated with regard to the number and type of drug interactions, the number of drugs administered, age, sex, length of stay in the ICU, and the number of doctors prescribing medications of medications administered. The extent and number of drug interactions were investigated based on the reference textbook Drug Interaction Facts and in order to analyze the data collected, using SPSS 18 and according to study goals, a descriptive test, Pierson's correlation test, an independent T-test and a one-way ANOVA were used. Results: In total, 77 types of drugs and 394 drugs were prescribed with a mean of 5.6(SD=1.5) drugs per patient. A total of 108 potential drug interactions were found related to drugs prescribed during the first twenty-four hours. In terms of the type of drug interactions, delayed, moderate and possible types comprised the highest proportion of drug interactions. The four major interactions were between cimetidine and methadone, furosemide and amikacine, phenytoin and dopamine, and heparin and aspirin. The results of Pierson's correlation test were inicative of a positive correlation between the number of potential drug interactions and that of the drugs prescribed (r=0.563, P<0.05). Results of a one-way ANOVA showed that the mean number of potential drug interaction were significantly higher in those who died than in other patients (P<0.05). Conclusion: Elderly patients who are admitted to the intensive care unit are at a high risk of developing drug interactions and better care must be taken by medical team members. 458 General Quality of Life in the Elderly People Covered by Health Centers in the Urban Areas of Markazi Province, Iran Agha nouri Ali Mahmoudi Mahmoud Salehi Hamide Jafarian Kourosh l l Faculty of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 1 1 2012 6 4 20 29 25 06 2011 29 09 2011 Objectives: To improve quality of life in the elderly through proper plans and active involvement of elderly in their family and community, we should get a lot of information about health-related quality of life because the composition of our population has changed. Infact, the aged population is increasingly growing, that this will, in turn, have an effect on economic progression and well-being in the country. Thus, this study assessed quality of life and its determinants in the people aged 60 years and over living in the urban areas of Central Province. Methods & Materials: This study was a cross-sectional descriptive-analytic survey that included 165 elderly peoples in the urban areas of Markazi Province. Data was obtained via a general and a quality of life (using SF-36) questionnaire. The results were analyzed by Chi-Square, Fisher, independent T-test, ANOVA, Regression, and Pearson correlation coefficient. Results: The average age of the subjects was 70.7 years (men 44.8% and women 55.2%). The mean of total SF-36, physical and mental components' scores were 55.66±22, 51.32±21 and 57.30±25 respectively. Additionally, the mean scores of eight health-related dimensions were as follows: physical functions 56.26±45, role limitations due to physical problems 50.60±27, body pain 51.26±38, general health 45.26±53, vitality 53.24±09, social functioning 67.85±27, role limitations due to mental problems 57.14±45 and mental health 62.88±25. Also, the quality of life scores were significantly associated with sex, previous employment, leisure activities, income, current exercising, present disease and drug consumption (P<0.05). Conclusion: Results showed that the elderly's quality of life in the urban areas in Markazi province is in the middle level and the individuals have better mental health compared to physical health. Moreover, various factors are associated with the elderly’s quality of life, which require comprehensive planning for eliminating gender discrimination and providing facilities for leisure activities and sports in this aged group. 472 General The Amount of Consumption of Fruits and Vegetables and Related Factors in the Hospitalized Elderly in Zahedan in 1389 Salehi Shayeste Naji Seyed Ali Sargazi Maryam o o Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Khorasgan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran. 1 1 2012 6 4 30 36 20 07 2011 25 11 2011 Objectives: The elderly population in Iran is growing. Nutrition is one of the vital factors in the health of the elders. Significant evidence indicates that low consumptions of fruits and vegetables are the most significant risk factor for the development of chronic diseases. The aim of the present study was to investigate the amount of fruit and vegetable consumption among the hospitalized elderly in Zahedan. Methods & Materials: This was an analytical-descriptive study done on 300 people sixty years of age and over who were hospitalized in the city of Zahedan. An accessible sampling method was used along with a researcher-made questionnaire whose validity and reliability had been established. Descriptive statistics (frequency and percentage) as well as inferential statistics (chi-square) with a 99% confidence interval were used for the analysis of the data. Results: According to findings the average age of the research sample was 68.8±5.7. As for their literacy rate 70% of the participants in the study were illiterate. Sixty-nine point six percent were urban dwellers 69.7% of the participants were married 97.7% and 64% of the population under study consumed less-than-recommended vegetables and fruits respectively. There was a statistically significant relationship between the level of education (P<0.001) and marital status (P<0.001) and the recommended amount of vegetable consumption. There was also a significant relationship between being an urban or rural dweller (P<0.002) and education (P<0.001) and the amount of fruit consumption. No statistically significant difference was observed between gender and the amount of vegetable and fruit consumption. The major causes of low vegetable and fruit consumption were ignorance, financial burdens and oral and dental problems. Conclusion: The consumption of fruits and vegetables was very low among the participants. Considering the role of the adequate consumption of fruits and vegetables in elderly health, planning and nutrition interventions are needed in this age group. 468 General Elderly Abuse Rates Within Family Among Members of Senior Social Clubs in Tehran Heravi Karimoei Majideh p Reje Nahid Foroughan Mahshid Montazeri Ali p Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Shahed, Tehran, Iran. 1 1 2012 6 4 37 50 10 07 2011 20 11 2011 Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine elderly abuse rates, subtypes and related factors in the members of senior social clubs in the city of Tehran. Methods & Materials: This was a cross-sectional survey including 379 elders 65 years and older (125 men and 254 women) presenting to the senior social clubs in Tehran. A face-to-face interview was carried out with every participant either at home or in clubs. Initially, individuals' cognitive states were evaluated using the Iranian version of the Abbreviated Mental Test Score and if scores of 6 and over were obtained, they were included in the study after taking informed consent. Subsequently, the Domestic Elderly Abuse Questionnaire, the Activities of Daily Living Scale for elderly people and a questionnaire designed by the authors for collecting demographic and personal data were completed. The gathered data were analyzed using the Chi square and T tests. Results: The total frequency of elderly abuse was 25.9%. The most frequent subtypes were emotional neglect (17.4%) and psychological abuse (17.2%) and the least were related to abandonment (3.7%) and physical abuse (4.7%). Some factors including sex (P<0.0001), health insurance (P<0.04), occupation (P<0.0001), sufficient financial resources (P<0.0001), drug abuse (P<0.017), mean age (P<0.026), number of children (P<0.03), functional status (P<0.0001) and re-hospitalization (P<0.0001) were significantly different between the abused and non-abused people. Conclusion: Given the high rates of elderly abuse, serious measures must be taken to prevent its long-term consequences. 467 General The Effect of Book Therapy on Elderly Self-Management Capabilities Gholi Zadeh Soghra Khankeh Hamid Reza Mohammadi Farahnaz University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences. Tehran, Iran. 1 1 2012 6 4 51 57 20 08 2011 10 12 2011 Objectives: The aim of the study was to determine the effect of book therapy on elderly self-management capabilities. Methods & Materials: This study was a semi-clinical trial? The study population consisted of all the older adults 65 years of age and over who were members of the senior social club of the fourth district of Tehran. Sixty people were chosen based on inclusion and exclusion criteria and were randomly divided into two groups of 30, study and control. The intervention consisted of five sessions of book therapy over 10 weeks, which was executed for the study group. Self- management capabilities were measured before and after intervention in each group. An SMSA-30 questionnaire was used to collect data (α=0.8), which were analyzed using SPSS 18 and the Chi-square test, the Climograph-Smirnoff test, Fisher's exact test, and the paired and independent T-tests. Results: The mean scores for self-management capabilities before the intervention were 70.77 and 68.46 for the study and control groups respectively, while mean scores after intervention were 73.25 and 69.53 for the study and control groups respectively. Results were statistically meaningful at the 95th percentile. Findings revealed that after intervention the overall score of the study and control groups showed significant difference (P=0.03). Furthermore, the study group scores in behavioral investing, behavioral variability, and optimism were significantly higher than that of the control (P<0.05), which is indicative of the positive effects of intervention. Conclusion: The findings, in addition to the confirmation of our hypothesis, reveal that book therapy improves self-management variables, meaning that such an intervention can lead to significant improvement in self-management of the elderly and their quality of life. Therefore, noninvasive interventions such as book therapy and other kinds of cognitive-behavioral therapy conducted by nurses, in addition to improving self-management capabilities in the elderly, may provide a basis for the promotion of quality in life and active participation of this age group in the society. Needless to say, this study introduces new opportunities in nursing services and research. 469 General Time Compressed Speech Perception in Elderly People Jafari Zahra Jafarlou Fateme Omidvar Shaghayegh Kamali Mohammad Sabour Malihe Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 1 1 2012 6 4 58 64 20 07 2011 25 11 2011 Objectives: Most of the studies performed on aging and auditory system have historically focused on speech perception disorders in elderly people. According to studies, speech discrimination disorders in aged people usually result from auditory temporal processing impairment. Our study was done to determine the ability of aged people to discriminate time compressed speech. Methods & Materials: The Persian version of the time compressed speech test with 6 lists of monosyllabic words in 3 compression rates of 0, 40 and 60 percent was performed on 36 young adults with an age range of 18 to 30 years and 32 elderly people with an age range of 60 to 80 years with normal hearing in both genders monaurally. Results: In both groups, there was a significant difference between word discrimination scores in three compression rates. Also, a significant difference was shown between young and older adults in three compression rates (P<0.0001). No significant difference was found between the two ears and two genders in different compression rates. Conclusion: With the increase in the speed of speech stimuli, the word discrimination score decreases remarkably, and aging has noticeable effects on the processing of fast speech stimuli. 459 General The Health Costs and Diseases in Medical Services Insurance Organization, Tehran Province, 1386 (2008) Shojaei Ali Akbari Kamrani Ahmad Ali Fadaye vatan Reza Azimian Mojtaba Ghafari Shahram Jamali Mohammad Reza Iranian Research Center on Ageing, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 1 1 2012 6 4 65 74 20 07 2011 25 11 2011 Objectives: The current research in addition to study of the diseases in the elders, surveys the health costs of these diseases. Methods & Materials: Study of the cost information and related diseases in (MSIO)- Medical Services Insurance Organization, Tehran province, surveys costs and Medical Services of this group on 183093 hospitalized files. Results: 31% of hospital`s referrals and 37% of inpatient costs related to elders and display the expensive Services of this group of the Insured. The mean costs of every hospitalization in elderly groups were 4634384 rials, which was more than total mean costs, from all groups. Diagnostic code I27 (other cardio-vascular diseases), I20 (Angina pectoris), H25 (cataract), I25 (chronic IHD), I50 (heart failure), devote first to fifth grade of the prevalent Diagnosis cods (ICD) in the aged group older than 60 and displays the most prevalence of the cardio-vascular system diseases in the elders. The most common surgical Code (California code) in elderly (above 60 yrs.) was related to Coronary Angioplasty, with its mean cost of 9116371 rials. And then was Cataract. 15% of the Global files are related to the elders which is equal to 23% of the charges of these files in this group of the elders. Extraction of Lens (Intra-capsular and extra-capsular) Lens Insertion (57 code) One-lateral Inguinal Hernia with or without excision of Hydrocele or Spermatocele except Incarcerated Inguinal Hernia (Global code 28), cholecystectomy with or without cholangiography or exploration of Biliary ducts (Global code 27) from first to third grade of the prevalent Global surgeries of the elders. Statistical test displays the Pierson coherent between the age and residence period and paid costs, There is a little positive coherent between the age and residence period in hospital and paid costs. Conclusion: These reviews show the results of the current study (the prevalent in-patient causes) are adapted to the performed studies in this field and cardio-vascular diseases are the most prevalent diseases of the elders with the most health costs.