2024-03-29T03:03:34+03:30 http://salmandj.uswr.ac.ir/browse.php?mag_id=40&slc_lang=fa&sid=1
40-686 2024-03-29 10.1002
Iranian Journal of Ageing Salmand: Iranian Journal of Ageing 1735-806X 1735-806X 10.21859/sija 2015 10 3 Study of Social, Cultural, Economic, Well-Being, and Urban Structure Needs of Tehran Seniors Association Members Fariba Shariat fariba.shariat@yahoo.com Fatemeh Moradi moradi20294@yahoo.com Reza Ghahramani ghahremani1208@yahoo.com Objectives: This article aims to identifying social, cultural, economic, wellbeing, and urban structure needs of Tehran Seniors Association members and recognizing their current conditions in 8 areas with respect to WHO project on an age-friendly city indexes. Methods & Materials: Four hundred members of Tehran Seniors Association who lived in Tehran were selected by random sampling method (276 women and 124 men with the mean age of 63 years) to participate in this descriptive-inferential study. Data were collected using a questionnaire, including inferential and descriptive parts. The descriptive part was divided into demographic characteristics with 12 questions and elders’ needs in 8 areas or 75 indexes. Scoring was conducted based on a 1 to 5 scale. Data analysis was performed using SPSS. Results: In the area of open spaces and buildings, the highest score belonged to “cleanness of public areas” and the lowest score to “providing special services in stores and banks” (mean scores of 2.50 and 1.65, respectively. Regarding transportation area, the highest score went to “appropriate installment of traffic signs at cross-roads” and the lowest score to “seniors specific transportation” (mean scores of 3.03 and 1.58, respectively). Concerning housing, “suitability of interior design” got the highest score and “affordable and adequate housing” got the lowest one (mean scores of 1.93 and 1.51, respectively). Regarding social participation, “allowance of proper time to seniors special occasions” and “aiding elders at risk of social isolation” (mean scores of 2.88 and 2.07, resectively) got the maximum and minimum scores. Considering respect and socialization, “positive attitude toward elders in mass media” and “looking for elders’ advices on how to serve them better in commercial centers” (mean scores of 2.84 and1.74, respectively) gained the highest and lowest scores, respectively. Concerning citizenship participation and employment, the highest score belonged to “training senior employees for post-retirement jobs” and the lowest scores to “supporting self-employment opportunities for elders” (mean scores of 2.87 and 1.75, respectively). Regarding information and communication, “the feasibility of having oral communication” had the highest score and “free and open access of elders to computer and the Internet” (mean scores of 2.33 and 1.77, respectively) had the lowest score. finally, regarding social support and health services, “supporting and encourAgeing voluntary services” and “inclusion of both housekeeping services and health care in home care services” (mean scores of 2.23 and 1.78, respectively) scored as maximum and minimum.  Conclusion: Among the 8 areas, the mean elders’ assessment regarding the extent of their needs was less than the mean value (2.11). With some compromise, “social participation” was the only area that approached mean the value and “Housing” area has got the lowest score. In other words, elders’ need for housing was their main issue as compared to their other demands. Elderly Elders’ needs Seniors association Agefriendly city 2015 10 01 8 25 http://salmandj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-686-en.pdf
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Iranian Journal of Ageing Salmand: Iranian Journal of Ageing 1735-806X 1735-806X 10.21859/sija 2015 10 3 Effect of Yoga Training on Physical Fitness and Balance in Elderly Females Masoumeh Koohboomi masoomeh.koohboomi@gmail.com Ali Asghar Norasteh asgharnorasteh@yahoo.com Nader Samami amirmahdi84@yaho.com Objectives: Senility and reduction of physical activities usually cause undesirable physical and even mental effects on the adults. Since physical activities can improve physical even mental condition, and consequently bring about more independence for adults, the purpose of this paper was to find out the effects of some of yoga practices on some factors of physical preparation in the elderly. Methods & Materials: A total of 45 elderly women (age: 64±6.12 y, height: 162.50±10.21 cm, weight: 63.21±9.71 kg), all enjoying general health were selected through convenience sampling method to take part in this test. In this study, the Sharpened Romberg test (with open and closed eyes), acquiring operation test, timed up and go (TUG) test, number of arm flexion for 30 seconds test, number of takeoff and landing chair, getting hands together from behind, number of sitting and rising of the chair test, were used for measuring the static balance, dynamic balance, agility, upper organ, strength of lower organ, inflection of upper organ, trunk and lower organ, respectively. These tests were performed before and after the program. Data analysis was performed by variance analysis test and t relevant (at significant level P). Results: Research findings showed that yoga exercises for 6 weeks significantly affected the static and dynamic balances with eyes open and closed, agility, upper and lower extremity muscle strength, flexibility, upper and lower extremities. Conclusion: Yoga (Hatha yoga) may have positive effects on physical fitness of the elderly. These effects include improving strength in the upper and lower extremity, static and dynamic balances, and agility. Ageing Yoga Physical fitness Balance 2015 10 01 26 35 http://salmandj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-799-en.pdf
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Iranian Journal of Ageing Salmand: Iranian Journal of Ageing 1735-806X 1735-806X 10.21859/sija 2015 10 3 Static and Dynamic Balance of the Healthy Elderly Men at Different Times of the Day Saeed Ghaeeni sghaeeni@yahoo.com Siyamak Samoolar samoolar@yahoo.com Objectives: Balance functions play a significant role in routine life of the elderly, especially in reducing the risk of their falling. The aim of this research was to investigate static and dynamic balance of healthy elderly men during different hours of the day. Methods & Materials: For this purpose, 10 old men with the mean (SD) age of 69.45(3.23) years participated voluntarily in this study. Then, static and dynamic balance functions of the subjects were evaluated with the stork stand and star excursion balance test at the day hours of 8, 12, 16, and 20. Results: Results of analysis variance indicated no significant effects of hour’s day on closed eye static balance and dynamic balance of the elderly. But, the open eye static balance test results at 16 hour (8.37 s) was significantly (P=0.018) higher than 8 hour (6.25 s). Conclusion: According to the results of this research, there is no recommendation on optimum time for doing balance training but it is better for the elderly that pay attention more to extrinsic falling factor such as surface of walking track at about 8 o’clock. Balance Static Dynamic Circadian rhythm Elderly 2015 10 01 36 43 http://salmandj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-654-en.pdf
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Iranian Journal of Ageing Salmand: Iranian Journal of Ageing 1735-806X 1735-806X 10.21859/sija 2015 10 3 Evaluation of Performance of the Vestibular Proprioception and Vision Systems on Postural Control of Old Men Poordad Kiyani pourdad_kiani@yahoo.com Nader Farahpoor naderfarahpour1@gmail.com Objectives: Social participation is an important aspect of health in ageing. It is also a part of life and a key element in function that improves physical and psychological health in the elderly. Using assistive mobility devices may influence social participation in this population. Current study aimed to compare social participation in older adults who use assistive mobility devices with those who do not use assistive devices in Tehran. Methods & Materials: In this cross-sectional study, older adults with and without assistive mobility devices were comprised in their social participation. Seventy-nine old age adults (39 women and 40 men) who were 60 years or older were recruited using convenience sampling method. They completed life habit, mini mental state and demographic questionnaires. For analyzing continuous data with normal distribution, t test and ANOVA were used, while Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests were used for categorical variables or those with non-normal distribution. Results: The finding indicates that older adults with assistive mobility devices engage less in social participation than those who do not use these devices (P<0.05). Older adults in age group of 60-74 years had higher social participation in comparison with those in 75-89 age group (P<0.05). There was no significant differences between male and females, and single older adults and married ones in their social participation. Conclusion: Type of assistive device affects social participation in older adults. The results suggest that older adults with higher physical ability have higher social participation. Older adults who use assistive devices face with more limitations to participate socially in their community. It is necessary for rehabilitation team to pay attention in improving social participation of older adults. Posture control Vision Proprioception system Vestibular system Postural sways 2015 10 01 44 53 http://salmandj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-854-en.pdf
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Iranian Journal of Ageing Salmand: Iranian Journal of Ageing 1735-806X 1735-806X 10.21859/sija 2015 10 3 Effect of Balance, Strength, and Combined Training on the Balance of the Elderly Women Alireza Farsi Behrooz Abdoli Parisa Baraz p_baraz1366@yahoo.com Objectives: Ageing is associated with a number of physiologic and functional declines that can increase disability, frailty, and falls in the elderly. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to study and compare the effect of balance, strength, and combined trainings on the balance (overall, anterior-posterior, medial-lateral) of the elderly women. Methods & Materials: Twenty-four older female adults (without history of any injuries in their lower limbs) were participated voluntarily in this study and randomly assigned into 3 groups: balance (n=8), strength (n=8) and combined (n=8). A 6-week exercise program was performed at Shahid Beheshti University. The program was performed 3 days per week. Before and after implementation of exercise program, the balance status of the subjects was measured by Biodex stability system. The data were analyzed using 2-way analysis of variance (group×time ANOVA) with repeated measures on time, paired–sample t-test, 1–way ANOVA, and Bonferroni post–hoc test (P≤0.005). Results: At the end of training programs, significant improvements were observed between the balance and combined groups with regard to the indexes of overall, anterior–posterior, and medial–lateral balance. Also, the strength group showed a significant growth in the indexes of anterior-posterior and medial-lateral compared to the beginning of the study. There was a significant difference between the balance (P=0.0001) and combined groups (P=0.001) with the strength group with regard to the index of overall balance. Also, there was a significant difference between balance group (P=0.0001) and the combined group (P=0.0001) regarding the anterior-posterior balance. But there were no significant differences between groups with regard to the medial-lateral balance. Conclusion: The study showed that perturbation–based balance training and combined training had the better effects compared to the strength training. Balance training Strength training Balance The elderly women 2015 10 01 54 61 http://salmandj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-726-en.pdf
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Iranian Journal of Ageing Salmand: Iranian Journal of Ageing 1735-806X 1735-806X 10.21859/sija 2015 10 3 Effectiveness of Aquatic Exercise Therapy on the Quality of Life in Women With Knee Osteoarthritis Azra Sadat Etesami a_etesami91@yahoo.com Jaber Zamani jaberzamani@yahoo.com Vahid Zolaktaf vahid@sprt.ui.ac. ir Gholamali Ghasemi gh.ghasemi@yahoo.com Objectives: Today, participation in physical activities is proposed to improve symptoms of chronic diseases such as osteoarthritis. In this research, we aimed to evaluate the effect of aquatic exercise therapy on the quality of life in women with knee osteoarthritis (KO). Methods & Materials: Our study used counterbalanced measures design. By random sampling method, 30 females (aged 40 to 74 years) with KO were selected and assigned into 2 experimental groups. The standard questionnaire of “knee injury and osteoarthritis outcome score” (KOOS) was used in 3 time points of pretest, posttest and midtest to measure 5 factors of pain, disease signs and symptoms, daily living activities, sports and functional activities, and quality of life. During the first 8-week (between pretest and midtest), the first group had no training, whilst the second group carried out their own exercise program. During the second 8-week (between midtest and posttest), the training program of groups got reversed. In other words, both groups used the same training program for 8 weeks, but the training periods were different. The obtained data were statistically analyzed by repeated measures ANOVA using SPSS. Results: The results of both experimental groups were the same, indicating that: 1) 8 weeks of no training led to no variation in any of 5 dimensions of KOOS, 2) training led to improvement of all dimensions of KOOS, and 3. disruption of training led to lose of achievements. These findings were similar to those obtained by functional tests (P=0.000). Conclusion: The results showed that the study program is useful for patients with KO and improves their quality of life. Knee osteoarthritis Pool exercise therapy Questionnaire 2015 10 01 62 71 http://salmandj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-734-en.pdf
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Iranian Journal of Ageing Salmand: Iranian Journal of Ageing 1735-806X 1735-806X 10.21859/sija 2015 10 3 Comparing the Musculoskeletal Profile of the Elderly With and Without History of Falling Hamzeh Hasanvand h.hasanvand1@yahoo.com Atefe Bagheri Sabzevar bagheri_atefe@yahoo.com Hadi Moradi hmoradi02@yahoo.com Aliasghar Norasteh asgharnorasteh@yahoo.com Objectives: The purpose of current study was to study and compare the musculoskeletal profile of the elderly with and without the history of falling living at nursing homes in Rasht, Iran. Methods & Materials: A total of 54 elderly men and women, aged 60 years and older participated in this study. Of them, 16 (fall group) experienced a fall in the previous year [Mean(SD) of age: 79(9.90) years; height: 1.51(0.103) m; and weight: 60.03(11.12) kg] and 38 (no fall group) had no history of falling [Mean(SD) of age: 70.16(8.16) years; height: 1.56(0.11) m; and weight 65.6(14.93) kg]. The foot arch, distance between femoral condyles, kyphosis, lordosis, flexibility and the ability to walk were measured by ruler, caliper, flexible ruler, sit and reach test, and functional gait assessment questionnaires, respectively. Data analysis was done through independent t-test using SPSS. Study significance level was set at 0.05. Results: In the fall group the mean(SD) of measured variables were as follows: body mass index (BMI): 25.95(3.35) kg/m2; foot arch: 9.94(4.34) mm; flexibility: 8.25(6.38) cm, lordosis: 20.86(9.48) degree; kyphosis: 35.07(14.98) degree. And in no fall group, the same variables were as follows: BMI: 26.87(5.12) kg/m2; foot arch: 10.95(5.60) mm; flexibility: 8.16(5.24) cm; lordosis 26.66(14.78) degree; and kyphosis: 41.11(9.84) degree. These variables were not significantly different between the groups; however, the functional gait assessment and distance between femoral condyles test showed significant differences. In the group with a history of fall, the functional gait assessment and distance between femoral condyles were 12.50(7.07) and 2.74(2.38) cm and in the group without a history of fall functional gait assessment and distance between femoral condyles were 23.63(5.49) and 1.20(1.4) cm, respectively. According to the results, in the fall group, the distance between femoral condyles was more and the performance level was less (P≤0.05). Conclusion: Results showed that none of the variables of foot arch, flexibility, lordosis, and kyphosis were significantly different between 2 groups and were not risk factors for falling among older people. While the distance between femoral condyles and functional gait assessment in 2 groups were significantly different. It seems that functional gait assessment test and the distance between two condyles were the best indexes for the distinction between 2 groups. Perhaps, this method can be used as an appropriate way for predicting and consequently preventing the elderly from falling. Musculoskeletal profile Elderly History of fall Walking ability assessment 2015 10 01 72 81 http://salmandj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-690-en.pdf
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Iranian Journal of Ageing Salmand: Iranian Journal of Ageing 1735-806X 1735-806X 10.21859/sija 2015 10 3 Comparison of Cognitive Triad in the Elderly Residing at Nursing Care and Home Ali Mohammad Rezaei rezaei_am@semnan.ac.ir Nazanin Kheir Khahan nazikheirkhahan@gmail.com Afzal Akbari Balootbangan akbariafzal@ymail.com Masoumeh Abdollahi abdollahi.mahsa631@yahoo.com Objectives: Cognitive impairments and negative attitudes toward self, world, and future in the elderly are common problems that cause loss of efficiency, quality of life, and increased mortality among them. This study compared the cognitive triad (negative attitude toward the self, world, and future) between the elderly who residing at homes and nursing care facilities. Methods & Materials: This study method is causal-comparative and 40 elderly people (20 home residents and 20 living in nursing) were selected for the study. Cognitive triad inventory (CTI) was performed on the elderly. The data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). Results: The mean age of the participants was 16±68 years. Results showed that there were significant differences between the elderly people in nursing homes and home, with regard to their attitude toward themselves (F=229.87, P<0.001), attitude toward the world (F=138.41, P<0.001), and attitudes towards the future (F=151.62, P<0.001). Conclusion: Cognitive impairment in the elderly residents of nursing homes compared to the elderly living at homes was significantly greater, i.e. the attitude of elderly people living in their home is better than the elderly living in nursing homes. Practical results of this study can be applied in future studies. Furthermore, cognitive rehabilitation can be considered as a treatment for the elderly negative attitudes. Cognitive triad Old people Attitude to self Attitude to the world Attitude to the future 2015 10 01 82 89 http://salmandj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-749-en.pdf
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Iranian Journal of Ageing Salmand: Iranian Journal of Ageing 1735-806X 1735-806X 10.21859/sija 2015 10 3 Relationship Between Lifestyle and General Health Among Elderly People in Tehran Akram Ghanbari Moghadam ak_ghanbari89@yahoo.com Farahnaz Mohammadi Shahbolaghi Asghar Dalvandi Samane Hoseinzade Objectives: In future decade, the number of elder people is projected to increase and health promotion of this age group will be insufficient in the coming years. Recent geriatric research show, the elder mortality rate will increase with advancing age and inversely related to their life style status. In this descriptive study, we examined the relationship between elder life style and their general health status. Methods & Materials: We studied four hundred elder participants in five region of Tehran capital city with applying randomized multistage sampling of these geographical clusters in a cross-sectional research design. In this study, data was gathered by life style and general health questionnaires. The Life style questionnaire includes physical activity, nutrition, interpersonal, social, stress prevention and management subscales and general health was measured with 28 item General Health (GHQ) questionnaire. Results: According to the finding of this study, majority (95%) of Tehran elder population had a moderate lifestyle ranking and the results of multiple regression analysis show that there was a significant relationship between lifestyle dimensions and general health subscales. In this regard, we enface with a inverse significant relationship (P<0.01) between lifestyle and general health scores (r=-0.4). Conclusion: Moderate lifestyle ranking of elder in the region of study and especial demands of this growing population needs to further investigated and applying various strategies for promoting lifestyle changes, health and better elder quality of life. Lifestyle General health Elderly 2015 10 01 90 99 http://salmandj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-830-en.pdf
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Iranian Journal of Ageing Salmand: Iranian Journal of Ageing 1735-806X 1735-806X 10.21859/sija 2015 10 3 Retirement Syndrome Among Babol City Retirees Shima Sum sumshima@yahoo.com Yasaman Mahmoodi a_ tirgar@yahoo.com Aram Tirgar a_tirgar@yahoo.com Objectives: Retirement impacts different dimensions of life such as physical, psychological, social, economic, and spiritual aspects. Since identification of the factors promoting or demoting health situation of retirees is important; this study aimed to determine the level of retirement syndrome in Babol retirees. Methods & Materials: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 205 retirees aged over 50 years. Data were gathered by a questionnaire consisting of 2 sections; Demographic characteristics and retirement syndromes. Retirement syndrome questionnaire consisted of 40 questions in 5-point scale (“never” to “always”) in 4 dimensions of “helplessness and failure”, “older and idleness”, “trying and new directions”, and “conflict and confusion”. Data were analyzed by SPSS. The Pearson and Spearman tests were used to evaluate the within group variables. To analyze the data, the correlation coefficient test, t-test, and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were performed. The significant level for all tests was set at 0.05. Results: About 53% of the participants were male and 47% female with an average (SD) age 61.13(5.87) years. Means(SD) scores of “helplessness and failure”, “older and idleness”, “trying and new directions”, and “conflict and confusion” were 2.08(0.52), 3.73(0.51), 3.47(0.65) and 2.49(0.56), respectively. There were a direct significant association between “feeling helplessness” and “conflict and confusion” (P<0.0001) and a reverse relationship between “older and idleness” and “trying and new directions” (P<0.0001). Conclusion: Findings of this research showed that retirees of Babol County partly suffer from retirement syndrome. Therefore, paying attention to them and promotion of the retirees’ situation seems necessary. Aged Retire Retirement 2015 10 01 100 109 http://salmandj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-745-en.pdf
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Iranian Journal of Ageing Salmand: Iranian Journal of Ageing 1735-806X 1735-806X 10.21859/sija 2015 10 3 Relationship Between Social Support and Subjective Well-Being in Older Adults Majid Goudarz majid.slp.goudarz@gmail.com Mahshid Foroughan m_foroughan@yahoo.com Asghar Makarem amakarem2001@yahoo.com Vahid Rashedi vahidrashedi@yahoo.com Objectives: The main aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between social support and subjective well-being in the elderly referring to rehabilitation day centers in Tehran Province. Methods & Materials: This is a cross-sectional and correlational study. The study population was all the elderly referring to the rehabilitation day centers in Tehran Province. The sample size was 147 people, which were selected by random cluster sampling. To gather the data, Norbeck social support questionnaire, Philadelphia morale scale and a socio-demographic questionnaire were use. The Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients, Chi-square, Independent t-test, Kruskal-Wallis, and ANOVA used for data analysis. Results: A total of 80 (54.4%) of sample were male. The mean (SD) age of older adults was 71.9(5.09) years and mean of subjective wellbeing was 8.65(2.28). The relationship between social support and subjective wellbeing was statistically significant (P=0.002, r=0.273). Conclusion: The findings showed significant relationship between social support and subjective well-being. It seems that having high social support will lead to better subjective well-being. Ageing Social support Psychological well-being 2015 10 01 110 119 http://salmandj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-953-en.pdf
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Iranian Journal of Ageing Salmand: Iranian Journal of Ageing 1735-806X 1735-806X 10.21859/sija 2015 10 3 Design and Psychometric Properties of a Self-Care Questionnaire for the Elderly Masomeh Hemmati Maslak Pak hemmati_m@umsu.ac.ir Leila Hashemlo hemmati_m@ac.ir Objectives: The purpose of this study was to design an Iranian cultural adaptable questionnaire for the assessment of self-care in the elderly. Methods & Materials: This methodological study was conducted in 2 phases. In the first phase, items and primary categories of the new instrument were identified from the review of the studies based on Orem’s theory. In the second phase, the psychometric properties of the instrument such as face validity, content validity, construct validity, and internal consistency were determined. In this phase, 225 elderly people in Uremia City, Iran were randomly selected from nursing homes and the Elderly Center of Uremia to participate in the study. Results: Forty-five items of the questionnaire were identified from the review of the studies based on Orem’s theory. After determining face and content validity in qualitative and quantitative terms, the questionnaire items reduced to 40. The results of the exploratory factor analysis on the questionnaire indicated the existence of 5 factors. These 5 factors explained nearly 79.93% of the variance of the questionnaire. Also, the internal consistency (Cronbach α) was 0.864. Conclusion: Based on the results, we concluded that the assessment self-care questionnaire for the elderly with 40 items appears to be a promising tool and provides reliable and valid data helping to determine elderly self-care in different settings such as clinical setting and research environments by health care providers. Self-care The elderly Questionnaire Psychometric assessment 2015 10 01 120 131 http://salmandj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-693-en.pdf
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Iranian Journal of Ageing Salmand: Iranian Journal of Ageing 1735-806X 1735-806X 10.21859/sija 2015 10 3 The Effect of Errorless Naming Treatment on Anomia in an Elderly Patient With Aphasia Atefe Yousefi atefe.yousefi@gmail.com Fariba Yadegari faribayadegari@yahoo.com Enayatollah Bakhshi e.bakhshi@uswr.ac.ir Objectives: Anomia is one of the most common problems that aphasic patients and therapists are involved with it. Because of the disruptive effect of anomia on communicative efficiency of aphasic patients, this study aimed at examining the effect of errorless naming treatment on naming ability in an aphasic patient. Methods & Materials: The subject was selected using purposeful sampling method. This interventional single-subject study with ABA design was implemented on a 69-year-old woman with moderate Broca’s aphasia and phonological errors. The participant was a literate, right-handed Persian speaking patient with neither severe motor speech disorder nor significant auditory comprehension deficits. The patient underwent 10 sessions of treatment using errorless naming treatment protocol (Raymer et al., 2012). Based on this method, the patient was given multiple opportunities to rehearse the correct name of a picture supported by repetition and oral reading, while avoiding production of errors during training. Results: The effect size in confrontational naming task after intervention in this patient for trained and control words were 5.42 and 2.38, respectively. The linear trend line of correct responses percentage of trained and control words were 7.6 and 4.15, respectively. Improvements in the trained and control word sets remained at a higher level than baseline, one week later. Also improvements in Persian WAB and naming tests were noticed in posttreatment period. Conclusion: As a result of errorless naming treatment in the current study, the patient showed significant improvements in naming of trained words but generalization was not noticeable for control words. Based on this finding, this method might be useful as a therapeutic protocol in Persian speaking aphasic patients with anomia. Stroke Aphasia Therapy Anomia 2015 10 01 132 141 http://salmandj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-818-en.pdf
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Iranian Journal of Ageing Salmand: Iranian Journal of Ageing 1735-806X 1735-806X 10.21859/sija 2015 10 3 Study of Quality of Life, Depression, and Daily Routines in Rural Elders in Birjand City, Iran, in 2013 Sakineh Mesgar s.mesgar@bums.ac.ar Zahra Amini Nasab Zahra.aminin80@bums.ac.ar Mohammad Hossein Nakhaei mh.nakhee@yahoo.com Gholamreza Sharifzadeh rezamood@yahoo.com Seyed Alireza Javadinia sar.javadinia@bums.ac.ir Objectives: With scientific advances taking place in the medical field and increased life expectancy in modern societies, significant growth in the elderly population of our country has been observed in recent years. Elderly people encounter different risks compared to other age groups. In this study, quality of life, depression, and daily routines of rural elders living in Birjand City, Iran were evaluated in 2013. Methods & Materials: This cross-sectional descriptive and analytical study was conducted on 360 rural elders living in Birjand, Iran. Data collection tools were the World Health Organization quality of life 26-item questionnaire, 15-item geriatric depression scale (GDS), 6-item activities of daily living questionnaire (ADL), and 7-item instrumental activities of daily living questionnaire (IADL). Data were analyzed using SPSS ver. 19 and values of P≤0.05 was considered significant. Results: The mean and standard deviation quality of life scores was 77.9±10.4. The mean and standard deviation of depression scores was 5.5±2.9. The mean and standard deviation of ADL was 6.5±1.5, and the mean and standard deviation IADL was 12±3. Significant differences were observed between demographic physical activities, education, marital status, depression, ADL, IADL, and quality of life (P≤0.05). A significant strong inverse relationship (r=-0.56) between QOL and depression and a significant inverse relationship between ADL (r=-0.32) and IADL (r=-0.39) and QOL was observed. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that activities of daily living increases quality of life and reduces depression. According to these results, the health care system authorities should not only plan to increase awareness of the benefits of activities of daily living in old ages, but also provide appropriate environment and programs for the elderly activities in our country.  Depression Quality of life Elderly 2015 10 01 142 147 http://salmandj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-753-en.pdf
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Iranian Journal of Ageing Salmand: Iranian Journal of Ageing 1735-806X 1735-806X 10.21859/sija 2015 10 3 Comparison of the Effect of 8 Weeks Aerobic Exercise With Resistance Exercise on Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor in Elderly Men Gholam Reza Sharifi alireza.babaei.m@gmail.com Mozhgan Bani Hashemi Emam Gheysi alireza.babaei.m@gmail.com Nader Rahnama alireza.babaei.m@gmail.com Ali Reza Babai Mazrae No alireza.babaei.m@Gmail.com Objectives: The goal of this study was to compare the effect of 8 weeks aerobic exercise with resistance training on Brain-derived neurotrophic factor level of old men. Methods & Materials: In this semi-experimental study, a total of 30 elderly men were selected from worldly-wise club of Broujen City, Iran and randomly divided into 3 groups of aerobic training, resistance training, and control (each 10 people). All participants filled the health questionnaire and testimonial. Then, the balance tests and fasting blood was taken. The aerobic and resistance training group trained for 8 weeks, 3 sessions per week, 1 to 1.5 hours in each session. The aerobic training was with 40% to 70% of maximum heart rate and the resistance training was with 45% to 65% of one RM. During of this time, the control group did no training. After 8 weeks, the balance test was administered and blood samples were taken. Results: Findings were analyzed with test variance analyzing at 0.05. The results showed there was a significant difference between aerobic and resistance training regarding brain-derived neurotrophic factor level (P<0.05). Also, comparison of the 2 kinds of training did not show significant difference in static and dynamic balance (P>0.05). Conclusion: The results show that both aerobic exercise and resistance increase serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) Aerobic and resistance training Elderly 2015 10 01 148 155 http://salmandj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-814-en.pdf
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Iranian Journal of Ageing Salmand: Iranian Journal of Ageing 1735-806X 1735-806X 10.21859/sija 2015 10 3 The Effect of Resistance Training on Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) in Older Women Alireza Behjati alireza.babaei.m@gmail.com Alireza Babai Mazrae No Alireza.babaei.m@gmail.com Mohammad Faramarzi alireza.babaei.m@gmail.com Objectives: Vascular endothelial cells play an important role in the regulation of vascular vessels with active substances, such as vascular endothelial growth factor are responsible. The present study tried to investigate the effect of resistance training on the density of old women’s endothelial growth factor. Methods & Materials: Twenty-four postmenopausal women (age Mean±SD=67.37±6.02, height=153.02±8.12, weight=65.78±12.03, BMI=26.87±4.16, fat=18.61±3.65, and WHR=0.92±0.4) were purposefully chosen and randomly divided into control and experimental groups. Each group consisted of 12 women. Experimental group did resistance training for eight weeks as follows: three sessions per week with 40% to 65% intensity of a maximum repetition and 5% overload after each 6 sessions. Before and after 8 weeks of training, resting levels of vascular endothelial growth factor’s density was measured and recorded. The normality of the data was determined by the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Paired samples t test was run for within group variations and independent samples t test was run for between groups’ variations. The significant level was lower than 0.05. Results: average and standard deviation of before and after eight weeks concentration of tour vascular endothelial growth inn control group was respectively 26.61±3.62, 25.72±2.88 and also in experimental group was 23.81±2.18, 26.48±4.48, 23.81±2.18 respectively; therefore the mean differences of vascular endothelial growth factor was significant in pretest and posttest of experimental group (P=0.015) while it wasn’t significant in control group P=0.862. Conclusion: The results showed the significant effect of resistance training on the reduction of the density of vascular endothelial growth factor of the old women’s plasma (P=0.019). Vascular endothelial cells Exercise Agents 2015 10 01 156 165 http://salmandj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-853-en.pdf
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Iranian Journal of Ageing Salmand: Iranian Journal of Ageing 1735-806X 1735-806X 10.21859/sija 2015 10 3 Comparison of Social Participation Level Between Older Adults With Assistive Mobility Devices and Those Without the Devices Karim Ayoubi Avaz ayoubikarim1@yahoo.com Shahriar Parvaneh sh.parvaneh@gmail.com Ahmad Ali Akbari Kamrani akbarikamrani@gmail.com William Miller bcmiller@telus.net Pouria Reza Soltani p_rsoltani@yahoo.com Setareh Ghahari setareh.ghahari@gmail.com Objectives: Social participation is an important aspect of health in ageing. It is also a part of life and a key element in function that improves physical and psychological health in the elderly. Using assistive mobility devices may influence social participation in this population. Current study aimed to compare social participation in older adults who use assistive mobility devices with those who do not use assistive devices in Tehran. Methods & Materials: In this cross-sectional study, older adults with and without assistive mobility devices were comprised in their social participation. Seventy-nine old age adults (39 women and 40 men) who were 60 years or older were recruited using convenience sampling method. They completed life habit, mini mental state and demographic questionnaires. For analyzing continuous data with normal distribution, t test and ANOVA were used, while Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests were used for categorical variables or those with non-normal distribution. Results: The finding indicates that older adults with assistive mobility devices engage less in social participation than those who do not use these devices (P<0.05). Older adults in age group of 60-74 years had higher social participation in comparison with those in 75-89 age group (P<0.05). There was no significant differences between male and females, and single older adults and married ones in their social participation. Conclusion: Type of assistive device affects social participation in older adults. The results suggest that older adults with higher physical ability have higher social participation. Older adults who use assistive devices face with more limitations to participate socially in their community. It is necessary for rehabilitation team to pay attention in improving social participation of older adults. Older adult Social participation Assistive device Mobility limitation 2015 10 01 166 173 http://salmandj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-839-en.pdf
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Iranian Journal of Ageing Salmand: Iranian Journal of Ageing 1735-806X 1735-806X 10.21859/sija 2015 10 3 The Effectiveness of Training Reality Therapy Concepts on the Happiness of Elder People Kazem Khazan khazankhazan757@gmail.com Seyed Jalal Younesi jyounesi@yahoo.com Mahshid Foroughan m_foroughan@yahoo.com Heiman Saadati hemnsaadati@yahoo.com Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness of reality therapy on the happiness of the elderly people. Methods & Materials: This is an experimental study with a pretest posttest design and a control group. Sample of the study selected from the elderly members of Mandegaran Club in Ardebil City. All who were over 50 years were evaluated according to inclusion/exclusion criteria and 30 participants selected and randomly divided into 2 equal groups. Oxford happiness scale was administered to both groups. Reality therapy sessions for the intervention group were administered in 80-minute sessions, 2 sessions per week for 4 successive weeks. The posttest data collected after the last session and also doing a follow up one month later. Data analyzed by using analysis of variance with repeated measure for independent groups. Results: Results of analysis of variance showed that the mean difference between the two groups were significant (P<0.05) and reality therapy increased the happiness of intervention group significantly. Happiness scores of intervention group in all subscales were also significantly higher in posttest compared to control group (P<0.001). Conclusion: The results showed that reality therapy can be helpful in enhancing positive emotions and happiness in older people. Implementation of reality therapy sessions in nursing homes, and retirement centers are recommended. Healthy life style Older adults Content analysis Qualitative study 2015 10 01 174 181 http://salmandj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1025-en.pdf
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Iranian Journal of Ageing Salmand: Iranian Journal of Ageing 1735-806X 1735-806X 10.21859/sija 2015 10 3 The Effect of Educational Intervention on the Promotion of Physical Activities of the Elderly Men in Qom City: Application of Trans-Theoretical Model Zeynab Karimi karimi_z315@yahoo.com Fereshteh Majlesi dr_f_majlessi@yahoo.com Azar Tol tol.azar@yahoo.com Abbas Rahimi Foroushani rahimifo@tums.ac.ir Robab Sahaf robabsahaf@gmail.com Mohamad Ali Gol highestgol@yahoo.com Siamak Mohebbi smohebi@muq.ac.ir Objectives: This study aimed to determine the effect of educational intervention on the promotion of physical activities of older men based on the trans-theoretical model. Methods & Materials: This clinical trial was conducted on 140 elderly retired member of the Association of Qom with random selection of properties in the control and intervention groups. The instruments used were researcher-made questionnaire based on trans-theoretical model and Champs elderly physical activity questionnaire. To analyze the results, the Chi-square test and repeated measures analysis of variance were performed using SPSS version 18. This study was approved by the IRCT site (No. IRCT201407208742N5). Results: Before the study, the intervention and control groups showed no significant differences (P<0.05) in terms of demographic variables and physical activities. Average scores for the elderly physical activities of the intervention group before training, one month, and six months after training were significantly different (P<0.001). The mean score on the questionnaire structure-based model of education in this group had no significant difference (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in the mean scores of physical activity questionnaires of the control group. Conclusion: According to the findings of this research, educational intervention based on the trans-theoretical model is effective and valid in promoting physical activities, and the trans-theoretical model can be useful in this regard. Application of this model and identifying the barriers and facilitators of physical activities in the elderly can be effective steps towards promoting regular physical activities in these people. Physical activity The trans-theoretical model Elderly Education 2015 10 01 182 191 http://salmandj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-940-en.pdf
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Iranian Journal of Ageing Salmand: Iranian Journal of Ageing 1735-806X 1735-806X 10.21859/sija 2015 10 3 Structured Study of the Quality of Life in the Elderly in Iran (2004-13) Javad Afsharkohan j.afsharkohan@yahoo.com Shakiba Koolivand shkolivand1990@gmail.com Objectives: Because of the increasing population of the elderly, attention to their problems is one of the important issues of countries social policies and without knowledge of the basic needs and dimensions of the old age, planning toward mental and social well-being of this group is not possible. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the needs and dimensions according to articles published in journals between 2004 and 2013. Methods & Materials: Based on the conceptual model of Hughes’ quality of life (1990), a structured study of dimensions and indicators of quality of life was performed on 62 available scientific research articles published over a period of 9 years. Results: Results of this study indicated the prominent role of health status of the elderly in articles (100%). The concept of quality of life is a multi-faceted and multi-dimensional concept that does not include only physical aspects. Also, its assessment and understanding depends on various cultural, social, economic, and environmental factors. The least important factors were individual satisfaction and physical environmental factors (each with 11.3% effect). Most of the offered solutions to improve the quality of life in Iran were at the macro level and structural functions (69.35%); which can be used in the policies and planning and show a way to our planners and policymakers to improve and enhance the quality of life of the elderly. Conclusion: Quality of life in Iranian elderly population is an important issue, which can be improved and promoted by considering all its dimensions and using interventional, educational, and supporting programs. Quality of life The elderly Hughes theory Sociological theory Theoretical study Systems approach 2015 10 01 192 201 http://salmandj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-764-en.pdf