دانشگاه علوم بهزیستی و توانبخشی
Iranian Journal of Ageing
1735-806X
6
3
2011
10
1
The Effects of Multisensory Balance Training on Postural Control in Older Adults
7
12
FA
Farnoosh
Shams
Afsoun
Hassani Mehraban
Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Ghorban
Taghizadeh
Objectives: It has been found that older adults fall or sway significantly more than younger ones under sensory conflict conditions. Considering the prospects of future increases in the elderly population size of Iran and the lack of proper postural control and the high costs of its probable consequences, this study investigated the effects of multi balance training on postural control.
Methods & Materials: In this semi-experimental study, 34 elderly women participated in two training and control groups with the mean ages of 72.4 and 72.9 respectively. Before and after training, to investigate the functional balance and postural control, the Berg Balance Scale and a force plate were used. The training group participated in multisensory balance training sessions of 1 hour classes held three days per week for five weeks. Data was analyzed using an independent sample and a paired t-test.
Results: The analysis showed significant differences between the training group and the control after balance training in the measured parameters of postural control consisting of path length and mean velocity in the eyes open (P=0.001) and eyes closed (P=0.0001) conditions and the Berg Balance Scale (P=0.002).
Conclusion: Results indicate that multisensory balance training can improve the parameters of postural control even in short term.
دانشگاه علوم بهزیستی و توانبخشی
Iranian Journal of Ageing
1735-806X
6
3
2011
10
1
Effects of Tea Consumption on Risk of Osteoporotic Bone Fracture in Older People: Meta-Analysis of Observational studies
13
20
FA
Ehsan
Modirian
Robab
Sahaf
Ahmad Ali
Akbari Kamrani
Mahshid
Foroughan
Maryam
Zarif Yeganeh
Fatemeh
Shoaei
Hamed
Basir Ghafouri
Fariba
Kolahdouz
Shool of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
Objectives: There have been several studies published in the medical literature over the past 30 years that address the association between tea consumption and osteoporosis with inconsistent findings. A meta-analysis was undertaken, including 8 studies, to determine the effect of tea consumption on the risk of fracture.
Methods & Materials: This systematic review and meta-analysis conducted on articles published from 1980 to 2010. We searched the following electronic databases: medline, pubmed, ISI, Embase and Chocrane and also reverent journals using mesh search terms including caffeine, tea, coffee, osteoporosis, Bone Mineral Density (BMD) and fracture*. All the relevant English written articles reviewed by two independent researchers. After title and abstract review non-relevant articles were excluded. The full text of accepted publications was obtained and their content reviewed for final inclusion. Using MOOSE (Meta-analysis Of Observational Studies in Epidemiology) criteria, relevant articles with high quality, reporting odds ratio (OR) or risk ratio (RR) for fracture following tea consumption, selected for meta-analysis.
Results: Four hundred and twenty one articles found through the primary searches 78 full text articles evaluated. Only 8 of them fulfilled all the inclusion criteria and their relevant data were extracted included into the analysis. The meta-analysis showed that tea consumption can have a protective effect on the risk of hip fracture which is not significant (RR=0.872, 0.733-1.038). Analysis by type of the studies suggests that according to cohort studies there is a significant decrease in the risk of hip fracture following tea consumption (RR=0.749, 0.603-0.929) while case-control studies do not support this findings (RR=1.157, 0.863-1.553).
Conclusion: Tea as a popular drink throughout the world can reduce the risk of osteoporotic bone fractures along with its known antioxidant effects.
دانشگاه علوم بهزیستی و توانبخشی
Iranian Journal of Ageing
1735-806X
6
3
2011
10
1
Tetanus immunity in 50 Years of Age and Older Persons in Kashan
21
25
FA
Reza
Razaghi
Ahmad
Khalife Soltani
Mansoureh
Momen Heravi
Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
Ojectives: Tetanus is a neurologic disorder which occurs as sporadic cases in people with incomplete vaccination course.The most tetanus patients are people over 60 years of age.It is a important disease in elderly patients because of risk of severe forms and high rate of morbidity and mortality This study was conducted to evaluate tetanus immunity in 50 years of age and older people in kashan-Iran.
Methods & Materials: This cross-sectional survey was conducted on 180 randomly selected adults, 50 years of age and older who visited Booali laboratory for check up examination in kashan -Iran in 2008.After taking consent form standard questionnaires consisting demographic data and history of vaccination were filled and 5cc blood taken from selected persons and tetanus toxoid-specific antibody were measured by ELISA method .Results were analyzed by SPSS and presented by descriptive statistics.
Results: Sixty five per cent of adults 50 years of age and olderhad no protective levels of tetanus antitoxin (<0.1 IU/mL). Overall, 180 persons were included. Of these, 72(40%) had never received a toxoid booster, while 47(26.1%) had received a booster at least once. Among 86 participants aged>60 years, 6(7%) had protective antitoxin levels IU/mL 0.1-1, and 5(5.8%) had protective antitoxin levels IU/mL≥1. Male gender and prior receipt of toxoid booster(s) wereassociated with protective tetanus immunity. Tetanus antitoxin levels declined with age.
Conclusion: It appears that most 50 years of age and older adults do not have protective levels of tetanus antitoxin because of inadequate vaccination coverage. There is a need to improve the immunity levels of this age group.
دانشگاه علوم بهزیستی و توانبخشی
Iranian Journal of Ageing
1735-806X
6
3
2011
10
1
The Effect of Client-Centered Occupational Therapy on the Self-Care Satisfaction and Performance of Older Adults With Cerebrovascular Accidents
26
33
FA
Marjan
Ghavami
Department of Occupational Therapy, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Ahmad Ali
Akbari Kamrani
Zohre
Sarfaraz
Mandana
Fallahpour
Objectives: This study has been done in order to evaluate the effects of client-centered occupational therapy on satisfaction and self-care performance among clients with stroke.
Methods & Materials: In this study, 24 clients with stroke who were referred to Rofeydeh Stroke Rehabilitation Center were selected by randomized sampling based on the inclusion criteria and randomly divided into two groups of twelve–intervention and control. Two clients from the study group refused to continue and were excluded from the study. Subsequently, the clients in the intervention group received 24 forty-five-minute sessions of client-centered occupational therapy in self-care activities. The control underwent the conventional occupational therapy. The time of each treatment session for both groups was 45 minutes. Data collection tool included a questionnaire for client demographics, the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM) and Barthel's ADL Index.
Results: There was no significant difference between the two groups in satisfaction, performance and independency in self-care neither before nor after intervention. However, for each group, independent of the other, significant differences were found before and after intervention in satisfaction levels (intervention: P=0.009 control: P=0.011), performance status (intervention: P=0.028, control: P=0.007) and independency in self-care (intervention: P=0.019 control: P=0.029).
Conclusion: The findings show that client-centered occupational therapy could improve satisfaction, performance and independency in self-care among clients with stroke. However, this effect was not significant enough to be observed when the two groups were compared. The only significant difference was seen when comparisons were made before and after intervention in the intervention group.
دانشگاه علوم بهزیستی و توانبخشی
Iranian Journal of Ageing
1735-806X
6
3
2011
10
1
The Prevalence of Depression in Older Turkmen Adults in 1389
34
39
FA
Azize
Gharanjik
Farahnaz
Mohammadi Shahbolaghi
University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Gholamreza
Ansari
Farid
Najafi
Shadi
Ghaderi
Kazem
Ashrafi
Negin
Taheri
Robab
Sahaf
Objectives: The elderly population in the world is growing and, by 2050, it is expected to exceed 20% of the world's population size, with the majority living in developing countries. Psychological disorders are among the most important problems in elderly people. There are some barriers in the elderly with specific race and ethnicity that can lead to difficulty in detection and interpretation of psychological and mood disorders, for instance language and lower education levels. In this survey, the prevalence of depression in elderly Turkmen over 60 years of age was measured based on standard tests.
Methods & Materials: This was a cross-sectional study conducted on 300 community- dwelling Turkmen over 60 years of age without cognitive impairment. Individuals were randomly selected using cluster sampling. In this research, questionnaires containing demographic information and standardized questionnaires of depression in the elderly (GDS15) were used and completed during interviews.
Results: Data analyses showed that the mean depression score was 4.31±3.353, with 20 percent of participants experiencing mild depression, 10 percent moderate depression, 3 percent severe depression, and 67 percent remaining asymptomatic. The mean age for men and women was 69±7.06 and 67±6.48, respectively.
Conclusion: Depression is a significant problem in public health. The prevalence of moderate and severe depression among older Turkmen adults is lower or similar to rates found in other research in Iran. Given the prevalence of mild depression, correct planning for early diagnosis and treatment is necessary. Determining depression-influencing factors is recommended.
دانشگاه علوم بهزیستی و توانبخشی
Iranian Journal of Ageing
1735-806X
6
3
2011
10
1
The Relationship Between Demographic Characteristics and Retirement Satisfaction in Elderly Retirement
40
48
FA
Fatemeh
Kianpour Ghahfarokhi
Farzaneh
Hooman
Sakineh
Yazdi Mazidi
Faculty of Education and Psychology, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.
Vahid
Ahmadi
Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between demographic characteristics and retirement satisfaction in elderly members of registered retirement Education Center in Ahwaz.
Methods & Materials: This study was descriptive-correlative. The sample of study includes ninety-six retirees referring to retirement center of Ahvaz Using Convenience of haphazard sampling in year 1388. Participants were requested to fill in Retirement Descriptive Index as well as a demographic questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistic, Simple correlation and regression repeatedly analysis (by SPSS 16 versions).
Results: There are significant positive correlation between health, employment, financial status, usefulness feeling, spouse employment with retirement satisfaction and negative correlation between retirement age and spouse retirement with retirement satisfaction.
Conclusion: This study reveals that health, re-employment after retirement, having a good financial status and usefulness feeling increase retirement satisfaction. But retirement age and retirement satisfaction decrease it.
دانشگاه علوم بهزیستی و توانبخشی
Iranian Journal of Ageing
1735-806X
6
3
2011
10
1
A Comparison Between the Level of Happiness Among the Elderly Living at Home and That of Senior Home Residents
49
55
FA
Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Allameh Tabataba'i, Tehran, Iran.
Amir
Panah Ali
Objectives: The present study was designed to compare the level of happiness among the elderly population living at home with that of senior home residents.
Methods & Materials: This was a causative-comparative study. The statistical population consisted of all 60 plus men and women residing at home and senior homes in the city of Tabriz, from whom 100 samples were selected in two groups of 50 individuals (25 females and 25 males) using an availability non-random sampling method. The oxford happiness questionnaire was used in order to collect data, which were then analyzed using an independent t-test.
Results: Results showed that the level of happiness among the elderly living at home was significantly higher than that of senior home residents. Furthermore, among indicators of happiness, life satisfaction levels, psychological health, positive mood, and efficiency were significantly higher among the elderly living at home. However, there was no significant difference between the two in terms of self-esteem.
Conclusion: Findings indicate that, due to better social and family support, the level of happiness among the elderly living at home is significantly higher than that of senior home residents. Conversely, residing at senior homes consequent to financial and family conditions, for those who would otherwise live with family, leads to depressed mood, dissatisfaction with life, and ultimately lack of happiness.
دانشگاه علوم بهزیستی و توانبخشی
Iranian Journal of Ageing
1735-806X
6
3
2011
10
1
Analysis of Inappropriate Medication Use in Older Adults Discharged From Hospitals Affiliated With Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS) Using the Beers Criteria in 2010
56
65
FA
Leila
Vali
Abolghasem
Pour Reza
Faculty of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Abbas
Rahimi Foroushani
Batoul
Ahmadi
Ahmad Ali
Akbari Kamrani
Objectives: Studies demonstrate that chronic diseases are more frequent among the elderly than other age groups. Therefore, it is reasonable to assume that more pharmaceuticals are consumed by this age group than by others and that older patients are more prone to pharmaceutical side effects and complications due to such higher drug consumption rates. Changes in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, among others, are considered as major causes of medication related complications among the elderly. Another factor worth noting is the inappropriate choice of medications prescribed for such patients, who can benefit from the identification of such medications and better care in their prescription. These issues are among the well known factors discussed in recent and relevant literature and may inflict significant harm on the health and well-being of the elderly population.
Methods & Materials: For the purpose of the present study 212 patients aged 60yr and over (mean age: 69.32 yr) discharged from 4 (2 teaching and 2 non-teaching) general hospitals affiliated with TUMS were selected. The Beers Criteria was employed to assess inappropriate use of pharmaceuticals by the sample population.
Results: Findings reveal that there was a significant relation between the level of income and the inappropriate use of medications among the sample population (P=0.041). The most frequent inappropriate use of medications, in order of frequency, included alprazolam (16.66%), chlordiazepoxide (14.28%), fluoxetine (11.90%), and oxazepam (11.90%). The highest rate of drug interactions was observed for the drug clopidogrel (29.4%). Benzodiazepines were recognized as the most frequent class of pharmaceuticals consumed by the patients (49.98%). There was no significant relationship between income rates and the amount of inappropriate drug use (P=0.041).
Conclusion: Inappropriate consumption of pharmaceuticals was relatively high among the study population, in comparison to similar consumptions in other countries. Benzodiazepines were recognized as the most frequent drugs used inappropriately by the sample population. Such a behavior may position the elderly to unpredicted and unwanted side effects resulting from drug interactions. Training physicians and medical students in this respect is recommended.