دانشگاه علوم بهزیستی و توانبخشی
Iranian Journal of Ageing
1735-806X
13
2
2018
7
1
Functional Balance Assessment Scales in Elderly
132
153
FA
Pedram
Pourmahmoudian
Department of Sport Injuries and Corrective Exercises, Faculty of Physical Education, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran.
Ali Asghar
Noraste
Department of Sport Injuries and Corrective Exercises, Faculty of Physical Education, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran.
Hasan
Daneshmandi
Department of Sport Injuries and Corrective Exercises, Faculty of Physical Education, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran.
Zahra
Atrkar Roshan
Department of Statistics and Computer Sciences, Faculty of Mathematical Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran.
Objectives Balance impairment is one of the major issues in the elderly that can influence the activities of daily living; thus, treatment of balance impairments is the leading scope of the specialists in this field. The present study identified the valid functional balance assessment scales for clinical purpose.
Methods & Materials Electronic searches of PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Magiran, Iran Medex, and Iran Doc databases were conducted using keyword combinations of “assessment or evaluation or result assessment or instrument assessment” and “balance or equilibrium or posture control or sitting or standing” and “older adults or resident” and “fall or fall risk or fall prediction or balance impairment”; also manual searches and gray literature were assessed. Inclusion criteria were as follows: stated objective to assess balance, evaluation of validity and reliability properties, standard protocol and evaluation criteria and published in English or Persian.
Results A total of 41 balance tests was selected. Among these, BBS, short BBS, TUG, FAB, BST, functional reach test, CTSIB, POMA, and FGA that showed the favored features of this study were selected.
Conclusion Selected tests in this study consisted of the items for use in clinical issues and fall prediction.
دانشگاه علوم بهزیستی و توانبخشی
Iranian Journal of Ageing
1735-806X
13
2
2018
7
1
A Content Analysis of the Concepts and Images of the Physical Aging Primary School Textbooks in Iran
154
167
FA
Zahra
Eftekhari
Department of Social Welfare, Student Research Committee, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Farhad
Nosrati Nejad
Department of Social Welfare, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Robabeh
Sahhaf
Iranian Research Center on Ageing, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Nosaybeh
Zanjari
Iranian Research Center on Ageing, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Objectives This study has two purposes. The first purpose is to analyze the concept of old age in the textbooks of the primary schools after the Islamic Revolution (1979). The second purpose is to study the type of images used in these textbooks to depict the elderly people in physical terms.
Methods & Materials This research is a descriptive Research to analyze the content of the books. The data is collected from a statistical population of all the primary schools’ textbooks used after the Islamic Revolution. Of them, the ones which were taught in 1979, 1996, 2006, and 2015 were selected as the samples because these books were subject to change in those years. The context units were Lessens and of analysis was the contents and pictures in which the concept of old age is presented.
Results The findings of this research show that the textbooks depict aged people as those with wrinkles (52.1%), grey or white hair (44.4%), upright stature (57%), and maintain good physical health (43%). These older adults are healthy (73.2%) and independents (72.5%). Most of them (64.1) never used any healthcare aids, and in case of health care tools, only spectacles are depicted.
Conclusion The results showed that the textbooks depict a positive image of the physical health of the older people. The picture in the textbooks shows elders’ natural status and their physical conditions in the old age. It is interesting to mention that during the first year post the Islamic Revolution, the illustrations showed the older adults as young. It’s natural considering the rise of maximum life expectancy in the recent decades, and it also reflects the realities of old age.
دانشگاه علوم بهزیستی و توانبخشی
Iranian Journal of Ageing
1735-806X
13
2
2018
7
1
The Psychometric Properties of the Persian Version of the Camberwell Assessment of Needs (CANE) for Iranian Elderly People With Mental Disorders
168
181
FA
Reza
Salehi
Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
Keyvan
Davatgaran
Welfare Organization of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
Mojdeh
Heidari
Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
Neda
Mostafaee
Department of Physiotherapy, School of Para-Medical Sciences, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Mahmoud
Latifi
Department of Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
Objectives Assessment of met and unmet needs of the elderly and how meeting unmet needs can increase the quality of their life. Validity and reliability of any measurement instrument essential to use it for research work. The Aim of this study is to evaluate the test-retest reliability, construct validity and criterion validity of the Persian version of CANE questionnaire as a tool for the assessment of the needs of Iranian elderly people with mental health problems and their informal careers.
Methods & Materials This cross-sectional study was done in 2016 on 123 elderly (61 men and 62 women) people with mental health disorder (convenient sampling) with mean age 72 years (SD=9.24) and 41 of their informal careers. To assess test-retest reliability, the interview was conducted twice with two-week interval and criterion validity to measure the correlation between the scores of the Camberwell questionnaire, a 36-item questionnaire assessing the quality of life, Modified Barthel Index, and 12-item General health survey was assessed. Construct validity was assessed by creating a correlation matrix for the first section of all 26 items of the questionnaire. The statistical analyses were performed using the software SPSS 19.
Results For test-retest reliability purposes, kappa coefficient elderly (K=0.48-1) and their informal caregivers (K=0.65-1); and Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) in elderly with 0.95 and their informal caregivers with 0.97, with a significant level of 0.05 were calculated. The results of the criterion validity, high negative Spearman’s correlation between the total score of CANE with total score of the SF36 (r=-0.790) and MBI (r=-0.788) and a moderate correlation between unmet needs score of the CANE with total score SF36 (r=-0.474) and also a high correlation between score of career’s psychological distress item of CANE with total score of GHQ12 (r=0.875) is revealed. The results showed good construct validity of the Persian version of the CANE.
Conclusion Test-retest reliability and also construct and criterion validity of the Persian version of the CANE are good. It suggests that for the other studies, the psychometric properties of the Camberwell questionnaire should be evaluated.
دانشگاه علوم بهزیستی و توانبخشی
Iranian Journal of Ageing
1735-806X
13
2
2018
7
1
Investigating the Meaning of Life and Psychological Well-being, in Youth, Adults, and Elderly (A Comparative Study of Three Age Groups)
182
197
FA
Soheila
Orang
Department of Educational Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Education, International Campus, Kharazmi Univarsity, Tehran, Iran.
Hadi
Hashemi Razini
Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Education, International Campus, Kharazmi Univarsity, Tehran, Iran.
Maryam
Ramshini
Department of Psychology, Faculty of Literature, Humanities and Social Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
Tooba
Orang
Department of Educational Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Education, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran.
Objectives The present study aimed to examine the meaning in life and well-being of young, middle-aged, and older adults.
Methods & Materials In this research, a total of 215 participants including 84 young (aged 17-25 years), 59 middle-aged (aged 26-46 years), and 72 older adults (aged 65-80 years) were selected from Tehran city via purposive sampling. The instruments used in this study consisted of the meaning of life questionnaire and Ryffs Scales of Psychological Well-being.
Results The results of Mancova analyses showed significant differences between the three age groups. The older people had the most ability in the meaning in life, self-acceptance, positive relation with others, personal growth and purpose in life.
Conclusion Research findings indicate that age affects the meaning in life and well- being. So, elderly can be known as a self-awareness, development and relaxation.
دانشگاه علوم بهزیستی و توانبخشی
Iranian Journal of Ageing
1735-806X
13
2
2018
7
1
Effectiveness of Training the Review of Life on Life Satisfaction and Sense of Coherence Middle-aged women and elderly nursing home residents in Qazvin
198
209
FA
Mojtaba
Salmabadi
Department of Counseling, Faculty of Educational Sciences, Farhangian University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran.
Mohammad Javad
Rajabi
Department of Counseling and Guidance, Abhar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Abhar, Iran.
Maryam
Safara
Women Research Center, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran.
Objective: Aging period is a critical era of human life and attention to the problems and needs of this stage is a social necessity. The present study was carried out to investigate the effectiveness of training the review of life on life satisfaction and sense of coherence Middle-aged women and elderly nursing home residents in Qazvin.
Methods & Materials: The present research is a semi-experimental one with pre-test and post-test and control group. The study population consisted of 50-80 year old aged women living in Nursing Home in city of Qazvin. The statistical sample included 30 subjects that were selected through simple random sampling method and assigned to excremental and control groups (15 subjects per each group). To collect data, Diener's (1985) Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) and Flensburg’s (2006) Sense of Coherence Scale (SOC) were used. At first, all samples answered these questionnaires, and then, the program of life review was administered on the experimental group for six sessions and finally, the post-test was administered to both the experimental and control groups. To analyze data, analysis of covariance was used in the environment of SPSS software.
Results: The mean age of the control group was 2/88± 65 and the mean age of the experimental group was 3/56±67. The mean life satisfaction of the control group before education was 17/86, but after training, 17/60 and the mean life satisfaction of the experimental group before training was 90/17 and after education 24/86. Also, the mean of control group's sense of cohesion before and after education was 69.87 and 69.93, while the mean of the experimental group before education was 46.63, but the education was 84.48. The results of covariance analysis showed that the process of life-style treatment sessions increased life satisfaction and cohesion among the elderly in the experimental group compared to the control group (p <0.001).
Conclusion: Results indicated that the life review therapy was effective on the level of life satisfaction and sense of coherence among the aged people.Hence, Review of Life therapy could be considered as an al -ternative or complementary approach to existing therapies for enhancing life among elderly adults.
دانشگاه علوم بهزیستی و توانبخشی
Iranian Journal of Ageing
1735-806X
13
2
2018
7
1
Assessing and Comparing of Balance and Flexibility Among Elderly Men and Women in the Age Group of 60-79 Years
210
221
FA
Vahid
Valipour Dehnou
Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran.
Reza
Motamedi
Department of Physical Education, Borujerd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Borujerd, Iran.
Objectives Functional fitness is a concept that reflects an older adult’s ability to perform physical activities of daily living with relative ease. The aim of the present study is to assess and compare balance and flexibility in elderly men and women in the age group of 60-79 years in Khorramabad.
Methods & Materials In this descriptive and comparative study, 140 elderly people (35 males and 35 females aged 60 to 69 years and 35 males and 35 females aged 70 to 79 years) were conveniently selected and voluntarily participated. To examine balance and flexibility, functional reach and sit and reach tests were used, respectively. For ease of use, tests were performed at the subjects’ residence. Independent samples t-test was used to identify any significant difference, and statistical significance was set at p<0.05.
Results Results showed that significant differences were observed between balance and flexibility of males aged 60 to 69 years and 70 to 79 years (P<0.05); significant differences were observed between balance and flexibility of females aged 60 to 69 years and 70 to 79 years (P<0.05); significant differences were observed between balance and flexibility of males and females aged 60 to 69 years and 70 to 79 years (P<0.05) and 69 to 79 years. Balance and flexibility of both males and females decreased progressively, and the rate of decrement was greater in females than males (-15.79% vs. -14.55% for balance and -17.79% vs. -12.63% for flexibility).
Conclusion Given the significant role of balance and flexibility in the better performance of daily activities and the reducing them in elderly men and women, it is important to reinforce these two factors of physical fitness throughout life. And to reinforce them, a multicomponent exercise intervention could be the best option.
دانشگاه علوم بهزیستی و توانبخشی
Iranian Journal of Ageing
1735-806X
13
2
2018
7
1
The Comparison of Familial Social Capitals With and Without the Elderly
222
235
FA
shahnaz
sedaghatzadeghan@pnu.ac.ir
Department of Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Parand Branch, Payame Noor University, Parand, Iran.
parvaneh
danesh
Department of Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Parand Branch, Payame Noor University, Parand, Iran.
hossein
baghery
Department of Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Parand Branch, Payame Noor University, Parand, Iran.
Objectives The goal of the study is to compare the social capitals of two groups of families (families with and without the elderly).
But some scholars of social sciences have introduced family life as the ashlar of social capital and have stated that the root of today’s social chaos is the lack or absence of it.
So family as an independent capital has a close relationship with other important capitals in the society. Therefore, reinforcing and consolidating family and bringing ethics back to family and its members are the responsibilities of public that may promote the important social capitals.
Methods & Materials The current study has been done on the authentic statistical society consisting of 384 people from families of four-fold areas of Qom using the survey method, questionnaire technique, and cluster and accidental samples. So, with regards to social and conventional criteria, the city was divided into 5 regions, and then one street was chosen randomly in each of those regions. Then according to the population in each region, 100 respondents were randomly selected from one or two blocks in each region for this study. A total of 97% of the respondents were male, and 8% were female. Half (50%) of the respondents were in the age group of 26 to 55 years, 33% were aged 36 to 45 years, and the other 17% were over 45 years of age.
Results We found that there was no meaningful difference between intra-familial cognitive social capital between two groups with or without the elderly. However, there was a significant difference between the groups with respect to capital and external cognitive structural social.
No significant difference was observed between the two groups with respect to the basic variables such as gender, education, age, the number of children, and occupation.
Conclusion Based on the obtained results, it can be said that the presence of elderly in the family increases family social capital and decreases major moral issues in the society.
Governments, supporting the elderly and their needs, including health care and pharmaceutical costs, economic supports, etc., provide conditions for the elderly to accompany their children and increase family social capital.
دانشگاه علوم بهزیستی و توانبخشی
Iranian Journal of Ageing
1735-806X
13
2
2018
7
1
A Comparison of Older Adults’ and Managers’ Attitudes Towards Age-Friendly City Indexes
236
249
FA
Zohreh
Taraghi
Department of Geriatric Nursing, Nasibeh Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
Ehteram Sadat
Ilali
Department of Geriatric Nursing, Nasibeh Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
Objectives The process of development of age-friendly environments is one of the key challenges of policy makers. The aim of present study was to compare the elderly people’s and managers’ views towards age-friendly city indexes.
Methods & Materials In this descriptive-analytic study, the attitudes of 379 older adults and 57 managers were compared. Data collection tool was WHO age-friendly cities indicators (2013). Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, frequency percentage) and gamma test using SPSS software V. 21.0.
Results Of the 379 older adults, 64.9% (246 persons) were female. The mean age of the elderly was 68.31±8.25 years (minimum 60 and maximum 89 years). There were significant differences between older adults’ and managers’ views in 13 indicators of 21 indicators. The major indicators were evaluated ‘bad to very bad” from elderly people’s views. The significant difference from the managers’ views includes availability of source of information about health concerns and service needs of older persons (57% of elderly versus 14% of managers)(P=0.001). The policy-making status to guide the planning of new housing construction with regard to elderly person’s needs (57% of elderly versus 31.6% of managers)(P=0.014).
Conclusion Collaboration of organizations’ custodian of elderly with older adults seems necessary in order to obtain the age-friendly city indexes.
دانشگاه علوم بهزیستی و توانبخشی
Iranian Journal of Ageing
1735-806X
13
2
2018
7
1
Assessment Effect of Rosa Damascena Juice Aromatherapy on Elderly Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain in Sabzevar Retirement Clubs
250
261
FA
Somayyeh
Anbari
Department of Nursing, School of Nursing & Midwifery, Iranian Research Center on Healthy Aging, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran.
Zahra
Estaji
Sabzevar Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences
Seddiqheh
Rastaqhi
Department of Biostatistics & Epidemiology, School of Health, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran.
Objectives Chronic pain is one of the major health issues during older age. Aromatherapy is a method to reduce such pain. The present study investigated the effects of inhaling rose extract on chronic musculoskeletal pain in elderly.
Methods & Materials The clinical trial consisted of 60 elderly individuals with chronic musculoskeletal pain, who were members of the retirement centers of Sabzevar city in 1395. The subjects were randomly allocated to two groups: intervention (31 people) and control (29 people). In the intervention group, the pain was measured using a McGill Pain Questionnaire. Before the intervention, interviews were conducted once a week on Thursdays by telephone for both groups. In the intervention group, the rose extract was inhaled using a linen handkerchief with a three-drop dip of the extract on it daily for three weeks. In the control group, sweet almond oil was used similarly. Data were analyzed using SPSS.
Results The present study showed that the inhalation of Rose extract did not affect the sensory and emotional aspect of pain in individuals; however, a statistically significant difference was noted in the sensory aspect between men and women (P<0.05) but not in the emotional dimension.
Conclusion The present study showed that the inhalation of rose extract reduces the sensory dimension of chronic pain between men and women. Although additional investigation is imperative, these findings can be used for effective pain management interventions.
دانشگاه علوم بهزیستی و توانبخشی
Iranian Journal of Ageing
1735-806X
13
2
2018
7
1
Expectations of Institutionalized Elderly From Their Children
262
279
FA
Ali
Nouri
Department of Education, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Malayer University, Malayer, Iran.
Soheila
Farsi
Department of Education, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Malayer University, Malayer, Iran.
Objectives This qualitative study described the expectations of the elderly parents living in the nursing home from their children.
Methods & Materials An ethnography method was utilized for selecting 30 residents of an elderly nursing home in Malayer city via a criterion-based sampling technique. The research data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed using thematic analysis.
Results The data analysis led to the identification of four basic expectations, including meeting the physical healthcare needs of the elderly parents, providing social support and respecting the dignity and status of the elderly parents, providing emotional support and protecting the privacy of the elderly parents, and offering financial support and the provision of the basic necessities of life. Taken together, these results supported the vital role of the family in fulfilling the elderly’s expectations and concerns and consequently improving their physical and psychological quality of life.
Conclusion According to the results of this study, the elderly’s family and especially their children can provide appropriate opportunities and conditions to assure them of complete support while their independence and abilities are respected.