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1- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
2- Mother and Child Welfare Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
3- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran. ,saeed.salari128@gmail.com
2- Mother and Child Welfare Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
3- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran. ,
Abstract: (56 Views)
Background and Aim: Accidental falls and consequent hip fractures are major causes of disability, prolonged hospitalization, and mortality in older adults. This systematic review aimed to investigate risk factors, interventions, and preventive strategies for accidental falls and hip fractures in adults aged ≥65 years.
Methods: The study followed the PRISMA guideline. Searches were conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, SID, MagIran, and IranMedex databases from 2015 to 2025 using keywords related to accidental falls, hip fractures, older adults, risk factors, and prevention. Observational studies, randomized controlled trials, and qualitative studies were included. After removing duplicates and screening, 48 studies with moderate to high quality (assessed by JBI checklists) were selected from 6,636 initial records for final analysis. Data synthesis was performed narratively.
Results: Risk factors were identified in three dimensions: physical (sarcopenia, vitamin D deficiency, orthostatic hypotension, balance impairment), psychological (fear of falling, depression, anxiety, bereavement), and environmental (home hazards, cultural patterns such as early morning awakening). Effective interventions included the Otago Exercise Program and Tai Chi, cognitive-behavioral therapy, home safety modifications, vitamin D supplementation, management of fall-risk-increasing drugs, and wearable technologies, which reduced fall risk by up to 64%.
Conclusion: Multifaceted and culturally sensitive prevention, emphasizing early screening, physical-psychological-environmental interventions, can significantly reduce the risk of accidental falls and hip fractures and improve quality of life in older adults.
Methods: The study followed the PRISMA guideline. Searches were conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, SID, MagIran, and IranMedex databases from 2015 to 2025 using keywords related to accidental falls, hip fractures, older adults, risk factors, and prevention. Observational studies, randomized controlled trials, and qualitative studies were included. After removing duplicates and screening, 48 studies with moderate to high quality (assessed by JBI checklists) were selected from 6,636 initial records for final analysis. Data synthesis was performed narratively.
Results: Risk factors were identified in three dimensions: physical (sarcopenia, vitamin D deficiency, orthostatic hypotension, balance impairment), psychological (fear of falling, depression, anxiety, bereavement), and environmental (home hazards, cultural patterns such as early morning awakening). Effective interventions included the Otago Exercise Program and Tai Chi, cognitive-behavioral therapy, home safety modifications, vitamin D supplementation, management of fall-risk-increasing drugs, and wearable technologies, which reduced fall risk by up to 64%.
Conclusion: Multifaceted and culturally sensitive prevention, emphasizing early screening, physical-psychological-environmental interventions, can significantly reduce the risk of accidental falls and hip fractures and improve quality of life in older adults.
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