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Fatemeh Asadi1 
, Ehteram Sadat Ilali *2 , Shahab Papi3 , Abolfazl Hosseinnataj4 , Maryam Ahmadi Khatir5 , Homayoon Sadeghi Bazargani6
, Ehteram Sadat Ilali *2 , Shahab Papi3 , Abolfazl Hosseinnataj4 , Maryam Ahmadi Khatir5 , Homayoon Sadeghi Bazargani6
1- Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
2- Department of Geriatric Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran ,paradis2082000@yahoo.com
3- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
4- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
5- Department of Geriatric Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
6- International Safe Community Certifying Center, Stockholm, Sweden
2- Department of Geriatric Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran ,
3- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
4- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
5- Department of Geriatric Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
6- International Safe Community Certifying Center, Stockholm, Sweden
Abstract: (33 Views)
Objectives: Given the growing older adult population and the importance of maintaining their safety and independence, assessing driving fitness is of particular importance. This study aimed to translate, culturally adapt, and evaluate the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Short Form of the Fitness-to-Drive Screening Measure (FTDS-SF) among Iranian older adults.
Methods: This methodological psychometric study was conducted in 2025. Translation and cultural adaptation of this proxy-rater instrument were performed according to the five-step guideline proposed by Beaton et al. The participants included 300 older drivers aged 60 years and above, who were recruited through convenience sampling from sampling units located in the cities of Amol and Mahmoudabad, Mazandaran Province, Iran. For each older driver, one eligible proxy rater was selected using purposive sampling. Face and content validity were assessed using both qualitative and quantitative approaches. Construct validity was evaluated through confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and convergent validity. Ceiling and floor effects were also examined. Reliability was assessed using internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha) and test–retest reliability based on the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC).
Results: All items demonstrated satisfactory face validity (impact score > 1.5). Regarding content validity, the item-level content validity index (I-CVI) ranged from 0.80 to 1.00, the scale-level content validity index based on the average method (S-CVI/Ave) was 0.96, and the modified kappa coefficients for all items ranged from 0.78 to 1.00, indicating excellent agreement among experts. The Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin (KMO) measure of sampling adequacy was 0.932, and Bartlett’s test of sphericity was statistically significant (P < 0.001). Confirmatory factor analysis supported a good fit for the single-factor model (CFI = 0.90, RMSEA = 0.077, SRMR = 0.054). Standardized factor loadings ranged from 0.102 to 0.798. Convergent validity was also confirmed (CR = 0.93, AVE = 0.54). No floor effect was observed (0%), and the ceiling effect was 9.33%, which was below the acceptable threshold of 15%. Internal consistency was excellent (Cronbach’s α = 0.92), and test–retest reliability demonstrated excellent temporal stability (ICC = 0.93, 95% CI: 0.86–0.97).
Conclusion: The Persian version of the FTDS-SF demonstrated satisfactory validity and reliability and may be used as a brief, valid, and practical instrument for the initial screening of driving fitness among Iranian older adults in clinical, rehabilitation, and research settings.
Methods: This methodological psychometric study was conducted in 2025. Translation and cultural adaptation of this proxy-rater instrument were performed according to the five-step guideline proposed by Beaton et al. The participants included 300 older drivers aged 60 years and above, who were recruited through convenience sampling from sampling units located in the cities of Amol and Mahmoudabad, Mazandaran Province, Iran. For each older driver, one eligible proxy rater was selected using purposive sampling. Face and content validity were assessed using both qualitative and quantitative approaches. Construct validity was evaluated through confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and convergent validity. Ceiling and floor effects were also examined. Reliability was assessed using internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha) and test–retest reliability based on the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC).
Results: All items demonstrated satisfactory face validity (impact score > 1.5). Regarding content validity, the item-level content validity index (I-CVI) ranged from 0.80 to 1.00, the scale-level content validity index based on the average method (S-CVI/Ave) was 0.96, and the modified kappa coefficients for all items ranged from 0.78 to 1.00, indicating excellent agreement among experts. The Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin (KMO) measure of sampling adequacy was 0.932, and Bartlett’s test of sphericity was statistically significant (P < 0.001). Confirmatory factor analysis supported a good fit for the single-factor model (CFI = 0.90, RMSEA = 0.077, SRMR = 0.054). Standardized factor loadings ranged from 0.102 to 0.798. Convergent validity was also confirmed (CR = 0.93, AVE = 0.54). No floor effect was observed (0%), and the ceiling effect was 9.33%, which was below the acceptable threshold of 15%. Internal consistency was excellent (Cronbach’s α = 0.92), and test–retest reliability demonstrated excellent temporal stability (ICC = 0.93, 95% CI: 0.86–0.97).
Conclusion: The Persian version of the FTDS-SF demonstrated satisfactory validity and reliability and may be used as a brief, valid, and practical instrument for the initial screening of driving fitness among Iranian older adults in clinical, rehabilitation, and research settings.
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