Objectives: Disability in the elderly period is result of different factors which inactivity and incorrect use of muscle is the most trigger. Applying of activity programs can improve elderly women's quality of life. This study investigates the effect of exercise on elderly women quality of life in jahandidegan club foundation in 2007.

Methods & Materials: This study is a quasi- experimental research that was carried out in jahandidegan club foundation for elderly women, in 2007. Population of this study was 400 elderly women which of this numbers 232 elderly women aged 60-79 years were allocated to two groups of experimental (n=116) and control (n=116) with randomized permuted block. Instrument for data collection was client demographic characteristics and leipad questionnaire. The client in experimental group received 30 minutes of exercise for 24 consecutive days during 6-7 mornings. Quality of life measured in both groups before and after intervention. Data were analyzed by use of chi-esquare, independent statistical test (t test), kolmogorov- smornov test, mann whitney test, pair t- test, wilcoxon and covariance analysis.

Results: mean of quality of life before of exercise in experimental group was 70.60 and control group was 70.99. after exercise mean of quality of life in experimental group was 75.80 and control group was 70.64. Different between two group was significant in 95% level (P=0.13).

Conclusion: According to the result, exercise was effective to increase elderly women quality of life levels, therefore it can be used as simple and complementary method for improving women elderly quality of life.

Objectives: Ageing of population is a new phenomenon that has occurred in recent center especially in developed countries and it has named as "papy Bomb” In developing countries also there are some problems due to Family pattern changes and transition to Nuclear Family.

Methods & Materials: In Iran, elderly population is increased during two decade and elder lies plus 60 years from 5.43% in 1986 are increased to 7.27% in 2006.

Results: The total population of Iran was more than 70 millions in 2006 and there was more than 5 million elder lies plus 60 years.

Conclusion: The Augmentation of elderly population in Iran is one of our motivation for investigation and assessment of status between the elder lies lives in institutes and whose lives in Community - dwelling.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of core stabilization Abstract training program on falling in elderly population.

Methods & Materials: For this clinical trial study, forty elderly female subject (age: 70.58±5.98 years, weight: 55.76±5.78 kg, height: 157.76±7.8 cm) voluntarily participated. A week prior to starting training program the balance measured with the Berg Balance Test (BBT) and subjects divided into two groups, based on obtained score in BBT low risk falling (group 1), high risk falling (group 2) groups. Then subjects divided to two control & Experimental groups. The Experimental groups performed a core stabilization program included three levels for 6- week and three times per week on the alternate day and 30 min in section. The post-test of BBT were done for two groups afterwards. Independent and dependent t-test used to analyze the data. Significant level Considered to be %0.05.

Results: In group 1&2 no Significant differences shown for pretest of balance between control & experimental groups (P=0.486, P=0.193). The balance of experimental groups compared to control groups improved after training program (P=0.007, P=0.000). Rate of improvement in experimental groups 1 and 2 were 3.38% and 15/06% and fore control groups were 0.95% and 3.7% respectively.

Conclusion: Core stabilization training program may improve balance and decrease falling in elderly.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the efficiency of educational Abstract  intervention based on PRECEDE educational method in the promotion of quality of life among the aged under the coverage of Tehran Cultural House of Aged People 2009. The population of the aged [people] is increasing in all parts of the world even in developing countries. The increase of the number of the aged has created an international trend to increase the quality of life for them. The purpose of performing this project is to study the impact of educational interference based on PRECEDE model in promoting the quality of life of the aged.

Methods & Materials: This semi-empirical research was performed on 54 aged people who were under the coverage of Tehran Cultural House for the Aged in 2009. The aged people were put in two groups of test and control by using the method of continuous sampling. For educational sampling, the designed questionnaire based on PRECEDE model under the name of PRECEDE model and based on the components of PRECEDE theory were used. In order to assess the quality of life, the WHO questionnaire of the quality of life was used and the quality of life of the aged people in two groups before and after one month from the educational intervention were compared.

Results: The average total score of the components of PRECEDE model including predisposing factors (awareness and attitude), enabling factor (skills), reinforcing factors (personal satisfaction and encouragement by companions), behavioral factors (healthy behaviors) in the test group changed as compared with the control group with a pless than 0.05. Consequently, opposite to the group control, the quality of life of the aged people of test group showed a meaningful difference before and after educational intervention with a p quality less than 0.05.

Conclusion: It seems it will be possible to increase the quality of life of the aged with educational intervention through PRECEDE model.

Objectives: The aim of current study was to determine the effects of Hata yoga training on dynamic and static balances of elderly women in Mashhad.

Methods and Materials: The present study enjoys the semi-experimental design. The statistical population of the study, which has been carried out in 2009, were elderly women of Mashhad who were voluntarily invited to participate in the research. 29 healthy elderly women aged 56-72 years old have been selected who haven’t had any disease history during the last one year such as: advanced osteoporosis, hip replacement, glaucoma, Parkinson’s disease, common occurrences of dizziness, or any surgery. Before and after doing the Hata yoga training program which was performed in 3- sessions of 1- hour during 8 weeks Dynamic and static balances were evaluated by fall risk test and postural stability test respectively by Biodex Balance System. Finally data were analyzed by using Variance analysis (GLM-repeated measures) and Dependent T-test and the significance of results was α=0.05.

Results: The effects of 24 sessions of Hata yoga training were significant on static balance: overall (P=0.001), anterior-posterior (P=0.002), medial-lateral (P=0.006) and dynamic balance of elderly women (P=0.00).

Conclusion: Considering the positive influence of Hata yoga training on dynamic and static balances, it is concluded that Hata yoga training has led to the improvement muscle strength among elderly women particularly endurance and strength of muscles in lower extremity and may increase the efficiency of neuro- motor system and improve somatosensory of muscles and joints by ameliorating the existed balance and decreasing fall risk in elderly women.

Objectives: the present study describes assessing mental health status (anxiety, depression, and psychological wellbeing) of old people in different age groups in tehran metropolitan city. The outcomes of this study could help to health policy makers to develop of better health policy in gerontology field by determine of priorities of mental care in different age groups of old people.

Methods & Materials: this was a cross sectional study in 2010. The participants were (n=402) aged 60 years old and over which have underrepresented from Shahid Beheshti University. The survey methods were via face-to-face interviews, and just in a few cases as telephone interviews. The instrument to data collection included demographic questionnaire, k6 and yeild tools. Data analyzed by Stata and SPSS ver.15 through t-test, one-way anova. Regression models applied as well.

Results: based on results in the past 4 weeks,10.9% of elderly had sever anxiety or depression symptoms and about half of them (46.5%) had moderate psychological distress. The rate of psychological distress increased with age growing, specifically in 60- 79 years old however, this rate declined from age of 80 years and over. Psychological distress levels among elderly women were more than old men in all age groups, except of 60-69 years old people. Regarding psychological wellbeing, feeling of tireless, lone less, and depression are the most common complain of house dowelling old people in tehran metropolitan area. As the results show 43.1% elderly participants were in moderate level and 17% of them were in the bad level of psychological wellbeing. Based on regression model, sex (P=0.012), housing (P=0.004), and retirement salary (P=0.048) were significant variables that effect on psychological distress. The income rate was only important component that effect on psychological wellbeing of elderly participants. There was no significant different between aged groups 60-64 and 65-69 in psychological distress. All disorders or chronic disease in elderly had effect on anxiety and depression symptoms in old people however, only musculoskeletal disease, pain, and tireless had significant impact on psychological wellbeing in elderly

Conclusion: the important components that effect on mental health of elderly related to fragile elderly from aspect of socio economic factors. Based on the results of this study old women, homeless elderly or old people that living in renting home or in other wise have not enough income to alive, low educated elderly and also alone old people had more psychosocial distress symptoms and less psychological wellbeing. Meanwhile, the rate of income had the most important role to have a happiness feeling among old people in participants.

Objectives: The aims of the present investigation was the evaluation of divided attention deficits in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients by using dual-task paradigm in order to ascertain whether this method can be useful in the early diagnosis of AD or not. 

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to the relationship of physical activity and risk factors of coronary heart disease (CHD) in older men.

Methods & Materials: The target population of this study was all older men in city of Kermanshah. Then, 123 healthy older men with mean age of 63.5±3.58 years, height 174.11±7.83 cm, weight 84.23±8.13 kg and body mass index 27.74±4.2 kg.m2 were selected as subjects by using the clustering method for sampling. Subjects completed an informed consent form, health history questionnaire and physical activity questionnaire (Beack). Measurements included weight, height, body mass index (BMI), percent body fat (PBF), waist to hip ratio (WHR) and CHD risk (total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), systole blood pressure (SBP) and Diastolic blood pressure (DBP). For data analysis, inferential statistics of Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Pearson correlation coefficient were used.

Results: The results showed that were significant negative correlations between physical activity and percent body fat (PBF), body mass index (BMI), waist to hip ratio (WHR), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), systole blood pressure (SBP) and Diastolic blood pressure (DBP) . Also, results showed that was significant positive correlations between physical activity and high-density lipoprotein (HDL).

Conclusion: This research showed that the prevalence of cardiovascular disease and hypertension in older men in is over expectation. Also it cleared that the increase in the levels of physical activity can reduce the risk of heart disease – cardiovascular disease is effective, it is recommended that through various ways such as the holding of the workshop of educational meetings, holding a lecture about the benefits of regular sport activity and Increase participation in physical activity can be a method for improving health and reducing cardiovascular diseases in them.

Objectives Elderly are exposed to balance dysfunction. This research aims at investigating the effect of physical exercises, mindfulness and mental training on static and dynamic balance in elderly women.
Methods & Materials The participants included 60 women in the age group of 60-75 years who were categorized  into four groups randomly (three experimental groups "mindfulness, mental training, and physical exercises" and a control group, with 15 members in each group. To measure dynamic and static balance, Berg Balance Scale and Sharpened Romberg test were used. Experimental groups took part in physical exercise and mental training and mindfulness training sessions for eight weeks.  Each week had three sessions, and each session was of 75 minutes. Then the post-test was performed, and eight weeks after the post-test, a follow-up test was conducted. For data analyses, the variance for repeated measures and ANOVA test were used at 0.05 significant level.
Results In the post-test balance scores (static and dynamic), there was no significant difference between mindfulness training and mental training groups (P<0.001). But the effects of mindfulness and mental training as compared to physical exercise and control groups were positive and significant (P<0.001). Besides, the effects of training in the physical exercise group were positive and significant compared to control group (P<0.001).
In the follow-up test balance scores (static and dynamic), there was no significant difference between mindfulness training and mental training groups (P>0.05). Also, there was no significant difference between physical exercise and control groups. However, in comparison to physical exercise and control groups, the effects of mindfulness training and mental training were found to be positive and significant (P<0.001).
Conclusion The study showed that physical exercises, mindfulness and mental training have a significant effect on the improvement of static and dynamic balance in elderly women, though the association of cognitive practices (mindfulness and mental training) with motor training (physical exercises) could cause a lasting impact. So, it is recommended to use physical exercises with cognitive training to improve static and dynamic balance in elderly people.

Objectives Ageing is a natural phenomenon in the life of every person, and quality of life and identifying its related factors is one of the interesting areas in aging psychology. Given the importance of this issue, the present study aimed to determine the role of attitude to death and irrational beliefs in the quality of life of older people.
Methods & Materials The method of this study is descriptive-correlational. The study population included all persons over 60 years who lived in Ardabil City, Iran, in 2014. Of them, 150 people were selected using the convenience sampling method and responded to the questionnaires of irrational beliefs, attitudes to death, and quality of life. The obtained data were analyzed by the Pearson correlation and multivariate regression tests.
Results The results showed that the total score of quality of life had a negative correlation with fear of death (r=-0.36; P<0.000), avoidance of death (r=-0.16; P<0.05), acceptance with escape of death (r=-0.17; P<0.03), helplessness for change (r=-0.27; P<0.001) and emotional irresponsibility (r=-0.24; P<0.002). But, it had a positive correlation with approach acceptance toward death (r=0.31; P<0.001). The results of regression analysis also showed that irrational beliefs could explain about 9% and attitude to death about 30% of the variance in quality of life.
Conclusion The results of this study showed that attitude to death and irrational beliefs could predict the quality of life in older adults. Thus the older adults’ quality of life can be improved via cognitive intervention in these variables.