Showing 71 results for Older Adult
Fateme Gheysari, Phd Mehrdad Mazaheri,
Volume 0, Issue 0 (12-2024)
Abstract
Objectives: With the increasing aging of the population worldwide, cognitive disorders have become a vital factor that affects the health and quality of life of the older adults. Several studies have been conducted on the effectiveness of computer and classical cognitive interventions on improving the cognitive functions in older adults. The aim of the present study was a comprehensive summary of the effect of computerized and classical cognitive interventions on the cognitive functions of healthy older adults, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in Iran.
Methods & Materials: Using the keywords "cognitive rehabilitation", "cognitive stimulation", "cognitive training", "software", "computer", "computer games", "cognitive functions", "executive functions", "attention", "memory", "aged", "aging", "older adults", "elderly", "mild cognitive impairment", "Alzheimer's disease", studies published from 2012 to 2023 were searched in the databases of Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, Scientific Information Database (SID), Comprehensive Portal of Humanities, Iranian Research Institute for Information Science and Technology (IranDoc). A total of 712 studies were retrieved, and after review, 26 studies that met the inclusion criteria of the present systematic review were meta-analyzed using the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis 2.0 (CMA) software. The standardized mean differences were calculated as Hedges' g and the 95% confidence interval (CI) of the difference in the results between the experimental group and control group after the intervention. Pooling of standardized mean differences across studies was performed using a random effects model.
Results: The results of meta-analysis showed that computerized and classical cognitive interventions had a positive and high effect on improving cognitive functions (g=1.57; 95%, CI=1.33-1.81; P<0.001) of Iranian older adults. Also, the subgroup analysis showed that computerized cognitive interventions were slightly more effective than classical cognitive interventions in improving the cognitive functions of older adults.
Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that it is possible to benefit from computerized and classical cognitive interventions to reduce cognitive deficits and improve the cognitive functions of Iranian older adults. Therefore, computerized and classical cognitive interventions can be used as very important and effective treatments in the field of cognitive health of older adults.
Ms Samira Olyani, Mr Hossein Ebrahimipour, Ms Mehrossadat Mahdizadeh, Mr Jamshid Jamali, Ms Nooshin Peyman,
Volume 0, Issue 0 (12-2024)
Abstract
Introduction: In Iran, colorectal cancer is the second and the third most common cancer in women and men and the third cause of death, and screening is one of the best methods for early diagnosis and timely treatment of this disease. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the barriers and facilitators of colorectal cancer screening from the perspective of the older adults.
Methodology: This qualitative study was conducted using the content analysis method and based on the social marketing framework and included questions that included the 4 main elements of social marketing (product, price, place, promotion). The sampling method was purpose-based. The data collection method was an in-depth semi-structured interview. Interviews continued until data saturation. The criteria for entering the study included people over 60 years old of both genders with maximum diversity in demographic and social characteristics, living in the city of Mashhad, Iranian nationality and Persian speaking, and having consent to enter the study, and the exclusion criteria for people was not wanting to the interview continued.
Results: 30 people participated in this study, whose average age and standard deviation were 68.1 and 4.8, respectively. The views of the participants in the study about colorectal cancer screening were expressed in the majority of 4 categories (product, barriers, place, promotion). In this study, the presented product was colorectal cancer screening. Costs and barriers to screening were lack of awareness, mental and psychological barriers, religious barriers and personal limitations. The appropriate places to receive messages were comprehensive health service centers, workplaces, addiction treatment centers, and blood transfusion centers. Suitable places for testing were comprehensive health service centers, hospitals and laboratories. Influential people and organizations, comprehensive health service centers and advertisements were the best methods of persuading and encouraging people to perform screening.
Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, the most important obstacles to colorectal cancer screening for older adults were lack of awareness about the disease, lack of doctor's recommendation to perform screening, fear of screening test, fear of screening results, and concern about the cost of screening. In order to increase screening in the older adults, special attention should be paid to modifiable factors that can be the focus of interventions aimed at increasing participation in colorectal cancer screening in the older adults. In addition to raising awareness among the older adults and supporting them, health service providers can help the older adults to make voluntary decisions and participate in the screening test and improve their attitudes and reduce fears related to the screening test. On the other hand, health policy makers and decision makers can also encourage the older adults to undergo colorectal cancer screening by adopting and implementing appropriate financial policies and applying subsidies and government aid. With the help of the results of this study, it is possible to design and implement more in-depth studies with the fundamental theory approach in the field of identifying people's attitudes and beliefs about colorectal cancer screening.
Hamideh Esmaeili, Yadollah Abolfathi Momtaz, Marjan Haghi, Mahshid Foroughan,
Volume 0, Issue 0 (12-2024)
Abstract
Objectives: Studies have shown that the doctor-patient communication has a significant impact on the health and adherence to treatment of older people. However, there are inconsistencies between different studies regarding the associated factors with the doctor-patient communication. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the status and associated factors of doctor-patient communication from older adult's perspective in the city of Tehran in 2023.
Materials and methods: The present study was conducted in a cross-sectional method in the clinics of Tehran. A total of 382 people aged 60 and over were selected by multi-stage cluster random sampling. In order to collect data, a checklist of personal characteristics and a physician communication questionnaire were used. The data have been analyzed using statistical tests.
Results: The mean age of the older people participants in the study was 69.79 with a standard deviation of 6.86 and about 66% of them were women. Most participants (88.2%) reported their relationship with their doctor as good. There was a significant relationship between educational level, autoimmune diseases, other uncommon diseases of old age, gender of doctors, specialization of the doctors, accepting insurance booklet as one of the components of the method of choosing a doctor, duration of being under the supervision of a doctor, and duration of the visit with the doctor-patient communication (P ≤ 0.05). The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that the doctor-patient communication variable was significantly predicted by the variables of education, recommendation of another doctor and duration of visit.
Conclusion: Although the results of this study showed that most of older people participants in the study reported their relationship with their doctor as good, it is necessary to consider the variables of educational level, and recommendation of another doctor and duration of visit to improve the doctor-patient communication.
Ali Zendegani, Shahab Papi, Mahmood Mosazadeh, Masoud Gharib, Zahra Aliyari,
Volume 0, Issue 0 (12-2024)
Abstract
Objectives As the population of the older adults in the world and Iran grows, the population of the older adults in prison is also increasing. Issues related to criminals and prisoners, especially its relationship with psychiatric issues, are one of the most challenging and widely used fields of research. In the country's prisons, more research is needed on the problems of this age group, especially their mental problems. This study aimed to compare the personality disorders of older adults offenders in Tehran prisons based on the type of crime in 1402.
Materials and methods: This is a cross-sectional study (descriptive-analytical) that was conducted on 274 prisoners aged 60 years and older in two prisons in Feshafoye and Shahr Ray women in 1402. Sampling was done using a systematic random method and the demographic characteristics questionnaire (MCMI-3) was completed by the older adults. Data analysis was done using spss software and descriptive statistics and comparison tests between qualitative variables with Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test.
Findings: Of the 274 people surveyed, 199 (72.6%) had at least one personality disorder. The mean and standard deviation of the total age of the subjects is 163.5 ± 65.03. The largest age group participating in the study was male with 86.9%. The lowest prevalence of personality disorder was sadistic personality disorder )0.4%(and the highest prevalence was Histrionic personality disorder)31%(. There is significant relationship between the frequency of prevalence of Histrionic personality disorder in the subjects based on the type of crime(P=0/001, df=7, χ2 =43/565). There is also a significant relationship between the prevalence of obsessive personality disorder in the subjects based on the type of crime (P= 0/005, df=7, χ2=20/531).In addition, the percentage of Histrionic and obsessive personality disorder is higher in debt and fraud offenders than in other offenders.
Conclusion: Considering the high prevalence of personality disorders in the older adults prisoners, the results of this study suggest that educational measures and early identification of these disorders, as well as counseling to modify inappropriate behaviors in these individuals, will create the background for future crimes. Release may lead to recidivism and re-imprisonment, planning and implementation.
Neda Sadat Nazaripanah, Haidar Nadrian, Neda Gilani, Mina Hahsemiparast,
Volume 0, Issue 0 (12-2024)
Abstract
Objectives: Today, integrated and comprehensive care of older people is one of the most important issues in health systems. The present study aimed to evaluate the Integrated Geriatric Care Program for older adults in a health center in Yazd City, Iran.
Methods & Materials: The current research was an evaluation study on the Integrated Geriatric Care Program based on the RE-AIM model. Data were collected in two phases. First, data on all program indicators from 2017 to 2023 were extracted from the electronic health records of older adults in the health center and were then forecasted by applying the time-series analysis. In phase two, all healthcare providers in the selected health center completed a RE-AIM-based researcher-made checklist. R software for windows version 4.2.2 was used for data analysis.
Results: In phase one, the trend of program indicators from 2017 to 2023, except for 2021 and 2022, has been gradually increasing. The rate of Complete Care Indicator in 2023 was 15.4%, only. In phase 2, the mean ± standard deviation of the normalized evaluation scores (out of 100) for the RE-AIM domains were as follows: reach = 34.26 ± 15.28, effectiveness = 49.51±12.08, adoption = 58.64±32.41, implementation = 72.11±9.98, and maintenance = 55.71±12.26. Friedman's test showed a significant difference among the scores of different dimensions (P=0.002).
Conclusion: Our results showed that the indicators of the Integrated Geriatric Care Program were weak in the dimensions of reach and effectiveness. In total, the evaluation of other dimensions of this program was fairly favorable. The results of our study seem to be helpful in identifying the challenges of the program. Therefore, older adults’ health stakeholders should pay more attention to revisiting healthcare programs for older persons.
Dr Vahid Sharafi, Dr Zohreh Mohammadyari,
Volume 0, Issue 0 (12-2024)
Abstract
Objectives: With the ever-increasing expansion of the Older adults population and the increase in the complex health needs of this group, new challenges have been raised in optimal health management. Therefore, the need for new and advanced solutions in the health management of this social group has become fundamental. Artificial intelligence, as an innovative and efficient technology, can play a very effective role in prevention, early detection, and improving the quality of life of the Older adults. Considering the limitations of the existing researches in this field, the present research was conducted with the aim of explaining the practical framework of artificial intelligence in the health management of the Older adults.
Materials and methods: The current research was done with a developmental-applicative purpose and with a qualitative method and document review. With the meta-synthesis method and review of the existing literature and background in this field through domestic and foreign research databases, texts were coded using MAXQDA software, and the dimensions and components of the mentioned framework were identified and designed.
Findings: According to the findings of the review of 25 final researches, 122 initial codes in 42 selective codes and 21 concepts in 8 categories, including prediction and prevention of diseases, management of chronic diseases, organization and arrangement of medicines, smart home monitoring, communication with doctors virtually , car assistance systems, health service management, psychological support have been identified.
Conclusion: The results of the research indicate that artificial intelligence technology should be optimally used to manage the health of the Older adults, and to improve the conditions and manage the health of the Older adults, the possible applications of this tool, which is growing day by day, should be taken into consideration and through implementation. Appropriate strategies and applications of artificial intelligence achieved this goal. Finally, practical suggestions have been made in this field.
Pantea Mousavi, Dr Abdolaziz Aflakseir, Dr Mohammadali Goodarzi, Dr Mohammadreza Taghavi,
Volume 0, Issue 0 (12-2024)
Abstract
Objectives: In recent years, with an increase in the rate of aging around the world, the concept of successful aging and its related factors have been considered. The purpose of the current study is to investigate the mediating role of using technology in cognitive flexibility, social participation and purpose in life in achieving successful aging.
Methods and Materials: The research design of this study is descriptive-correlational study. A number of 409 elderly people over 60 years participated by convenience sampling method and based on the inclusion criteria. Data was collected through the Successful Aging Scale (SAS), Cognitive Flexibility Inventory (CFI), the Social Participation Scale, the Purpose in Life Scale, and the Technology Questionnaire. The data was analyzed using a path analysis correlation test using a bootstrapping method using AMOS 26 software.
Findings: In this study, 53.5% of the participants were men and 46.5% were women, of whom 44.7% were between 60 and 65 years old and 3.7% were over 81 years old. The results showed that all the indicators of the model are in the optimal range and the model has a good fit with the data. The indicators of CFI=0.96, GFI=0.93, NFI=0.90 and RMSEA=0.075 have been reported. Also, the obtained results showed that all the obtained correlation coefficients were significant at the level of p<0.05 or p<0.01. Therefore, the proposed model showed that cognitive flexibility, social participation and purpose in life had a positive and significant relationship with successful aging through the mediation of technology use (indirectly).
Conclusion: This study indicated that the use of technology facilitates the achievement of successful aging. These results can draw the attention of geriatrics specialists and technology experts to the need to improve access to compatible technology for elderly's conditions.
Miss Leila Mohammadifard, Azizollah Arbabisarjou, Hossein Ansari, Miss Samaneh Fallah Karimi,
Volume 0, Issue 0 (12-2024)
Abstract
Objectives: Social isolation in the elderly leads to consequences such as depression, increased anxiety and death. Considering the increasing growth of technology, this study examines the relationship between social isolation and acceptance of technology in the elderly of Zahedan.
Materials and methods: This was a cross-sectional and descriptive-analytical study. The present study was conducted in 1402 among 400 elderly people aged 65 years and older in Zahedan city who were selected by multi-stage sampling method. Luben's social isolation questionnaire and Baskha's technology acceptance questionnaire were used to collect data. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 22 statistical software and Pearson correlation, independent t test and analysis of variance.
Findings: This study showed that social isolation and technology acceptance have a significant and inverse relationship (r = -0.64 and p < 0.001). Social isolation in relation to marital status and education had a statistically significant relationship (p<0/05) and did not show a statistically significant relationship with the variables of age, gender, employment status and ethnicity (p>0/05). It had a statistically significant relationship with gender and education (p<0.05) and no statistically significant relationship was observed with the variables of age, marital status, employment status and ethnicity (p>0.05).
Conclusion: Technology can act as a tool to reduce social isolation in the elderly. With a deep understanding of this complex relationship and providing suitable solutions for accepting technology and creating a suitable social environment, technology can be used as a useful tool to maintain the social connections of the elderly.
Reza Hosienabadi, Khosro Goorabi, Hosien Shareh,
Volume 2, Issue 1 (4-2007)
Abstract
Objectives: Moderate hearing impairment in older age can affect physical and psychosocial health of people. The rate of isolation, lack of self confidence, depression and probably dementia in this people is high. This study was conducted to study the hearing aid effect on older adults depression in tehran nursing homes.
Methods & Materials: In this study depression was assessed in 3 groups of older adults: 30 normal hearing older adults, 30 hearing impaired older adults without hearing aid and 20 hearing impaired older adults with hearing aid. Beck depression inventory (ii) was used to assess depression. For analyzing data one way anova was used.
Results: Mean scores in bdi was 11.43, 21.53, 16.40 for groups. The difference between groups was significant. Correlation between age and depression was significant in 1 and 3 groups.
Conclusion: It seems that hearing aid use is effective in decreasing depression in older adults.
Maryam Nourshahi, Hiva Rahmani, Tahere Arefi Rad, Hadi Zahedi, Asal Rajaeyan,
Volume 4, Issue 3 (10-2009)
Abstract
Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of mountaineering on health factors in elder people.
Methods & Materials: This study was a cross-sectional study. Forty three elderly men (mean age 57.7±9/3 yrs) were selected randomly fromparks of Northern Tehran. According to their activity and type of activity, subjects divided into three groups of Mountaineer (n=15), Trained (n=14) and none-trained (n=14). Then their cardiovascular and physical fitness (vo2max, heart rate, fat percent, grip, reaction time, blood pressure, flexibility and balance) were measured. Data were analyzedusing one-way ANOVA.
Results: Comparison of aerobic capacity in three groups showed thatthere were significant differences (P≤0.01) as this variable in mountaineer group was better than two other groups (37.2%, 15.4% respectively). In addition resting heart rate, fat percent and reaction time were significantly lower in two trained groups in comparison with non-trained group (P≤0.05). There were no other significant differences between groups (P≥0.05).
Conclusion: this study suggests that mountaineering may led to in termof the other variables positive effects on cardiovascular factors. Furthermore relative, higher grip strength, flexibility and reaction time inboth active groups emphasis the necessity of a physical activity and active life style as an important part of elder people’s life style.
Khodamorad Momeni, Hasan Karimi,
Volume 5, Issue 3 (10-2010)
Abstract
Objectives: The growing social and economical changes in the life style, have made Abstract it difficult for many people to assume the responsibility of taking care of older adults in the family, consequently institutions become the inevitable option for many elderly adults. The aim of this study was to compare mental health of institutionalized and community living elderly adults in Kermanshah.
Methods & Materials: The study was a cross-comparative one. 127 community livings (83 male and 44 female) and the same number of institutionalized persons were selected using the available sampling method. General health questionnaire (GHQ-28) was the measure of the study.
Results: The institutionalized elder adults gained higher mean scores in all the four subscales of GHQ-28. The findings showed a statistically significant difference in the mean scores of depression, somatic symptoms, and social dysfunction in the two groups. The women living in institutions showed more severe Social dysfunction compared to their men counterparts.
Conclusion: Considering the results of this study it can be concluded that more attention should be given to the living environment of older adults living in institutions.
Malihe Shiani, Hannan Zare,
Volume 8, Issue 2 (7-2013)
Abstract
Objectives: Intensified increasingly in older adult population bring about to focus on these people problems in many developed countries. Among methods, community-based programs are the new way to counter older adult's problems. Although performance of these programs being in the earliest stage of development, this study has examined the effectiveness of community-based programs on older adults’ subjective well-being in Kahrizak.
Methods & Materials: 100 elders above 60 years in Kahrizak were selected completely random sample. 50 elders had participated in the program (experimental group), 50 elders hadn’t participated (sub group).the method was interference. The data was gathered by questionnaire technique and interview and was analyzed by spss.
Results: The average of experimental group subjective well-being was 2.55 and the sub group was -1.34. Elder members of Kahrizak who have used services in community-based programs and have given significant services have had more subjective well-being measure than sub group.
Conclusion: Although this program isn’t performance for a long time, they have significant effects on older adults’ subjective well-being responsive to the models and theories. Elders who have participated in the programs remained more independently in the community. Happiness, quality of life, life satisfaction, and domain satisfaction have been increased by using the community-based programs.
Daryoush Khajavi, Ahmad Farokhi, Ali Akbar Jaberi Moghadam, Anooshirvan Kazemnejad,
Volume 9, Issue 1 (4-2014)
Abstract
Objectives: Falls and fall-related physiological and psychological events are major problems for elderly people. The objective of this research was to examine the effect of an interventional training program on fall-related psychological factors among the elderly men in Arak.
Methods & Materials: In this quasi experiment research on male older adults in Arak, 27 participants randomly assigned to Control group (mean age=70.21±6.65) and Experimental group (mean age=66.07±4.38). Experimental group members participated in a 12 week interventional training program.
Results: The findings showed that training intervention program improved fall-related psychological factors (Fall Self-Efficacy/Fear of Fall and Activities-specific Balance Confidence/Balance Self-Efficacy) in experimental group. No significant changes appeared in fall-related psychological factors in control group members who did not perform any regular training program.
Conclusion: According to the findings, regular interventional training program can decrease fear of fall and increase balance confidence in performing the activities of everyday life by improving physical and motor fitness levels. These improvements can lead to physical and psychological health, increase in quality of life among older adults, and eventually successful aging.
Mahboubeh Chamanpira, Aboulfazl Farahani, Majed Jalali Farahani,
Volume 9, Issue 3 (10-2014)
Abstract
Objectives: The purpose of this research is to evaluate the quality of the older adults’ leisure time in Tehran focused on their physical activity and their satisfaction with outdoor sport facilities provided in the parks by municipality.
Methods & Materials: The type of research is descriptive in which Tehran is divided into 5 (geographical) districts. Through cluster sampling method, 366 individuals has been randomly selected out of 701300 people as Tehran elderly population. The information gathering tool is a questionnaire made by the researcher. Its validity and reliability was measured by experts and Cronbach’s alpha 0.80. Pearson’s r correlations were conducted in order to determine whether significant correlations exist between variables. All statistical analysis were done using SPSS 13 software and alpha level was set at <0.05
Results: findings show that about 74% of the elderly do exercise, most of which is walking. It has been revealed through this research that 59.7% are moderate with the quality of their leisure time. In addition, 48.2% does not use the sports equipments in the parks and 41.7% think that body-building equipment in the parks highly or absolutely highly appropriate for the elderly. There is a meaningful correlation between age and duration of leisure time (P<0.01).Whereas, the correlation between age and satisfaction with facilities is not meaningful (P≤0.05). Furthermore, there are also meaningful correlation between gender and the degree of satisfaction.
Conclusion: According to findings of this research, the majority of elder were satisfied with their liesure time at moderately level. Doing physical activity have a significant role in their satisfaction of leisure time. Existing of appropriate sports equipments in parks encourage them to practice physical activities. As a result, the extension and development of these facilities are recommended.
Ahmad Ali Akbari Kamrani, Amir Shams, Behrooz Abdoli, Parvaneh Shamsipour Dehkordi, Robabeh Mohajeri,
Volume 10, Issue 1 (4-2015)
Abstract
Objectives We aimed to investigate the effect of low and moderate intensity aerobic exercises on sleep quality of older adults.
Methods & Materials The research method was quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test design. The statistical sample included 45 volunteer elderly men aged 60-70 years who were divided randomly into two experimental groups (aerobic exercise with low and moderate intensity) and one control group. First, all subjects were evaluated by a proficient doctor to confirm their physical and mental health. Also, the maximum Heart Rate (HR) of subjects was obtained by subtracting one's age from 220. Furthermore, based on aerobic exercise type, the target maximum HR was calculated for each subject. The exercise protocol consisted of 8 weeks aerobic exercises (2 sessions per week) based on Rockport one-mile walking/running test. With using specific chest belts, the exercise intensity was evaluated and controlled. All subjects in pre-test and post-test stages were completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI).
Results In pre-test stage, results showed that there were no significant differences between control and experimental groups in sleep quality and its components (P>0.05). On the other hand, results in post-test stage showed that there were significant differences between control and experimental groups in this variable (P<0.05). Also, the Tukey Post Hoc test showed that the moderate intensity group scores in sleep quality and its components were better than other groups (P<0.05). Finally, the low intensity group scores were better than control group (P<0.05).
Conclusion Generally, aerobic exercises with moderate intensity (60-70% max HR) had a positive and significant effect on sleep quality and its components. We recommend the aerobic exercises with moderate intensity as a useful medical treatment for improving sleep quality and its components among community older adults
Zohreh Keykhosravi Beygzadeh, Azarmidokht Rezaei, Yaghoub Khalouei,
Volume 10, Issue 2 (7-2015)
Abstract
Objectives We aimed to investigate the relationship between social support and life satisfaction with happiness among home- dwelling older adults in Shiraz.
Methods & Materials In this descriptive study, 379 old adults who were selected using purposive sampling were enrolled. They completed Philips Social support instrument, dinner life satisfaction, and Joseph & Lewis Happiness and Depression Scales.
Results Results showed that there was positive significant relationship between social support and life satisfaction with happiness. Among the domains of social support, friends and family support predicted happiness positively. Moreover, life satisfaction predicted happiness positively.
Conclusion High social support and life satisfaction among the elderly can increase happiness among these people. Also, the amount of support which the elderly receive from the family and friends, as well as the rate of their satisfaction is the predictors of the rate of happiness.
Ahmad Ali Akbari Kamrani, Amir Shams, Behrooz Abdoli, Parvaneh Shamsipour Dehkordi,
Volume 10, Issue 2 (7-2015)
Abstract
Objectives The purpose of present study was to investigate the effect of low and moderate intensity aerobic exercises on self-concept in older adults.
Methods & Materials The research method was quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test design. The statistical sample included 45 volunteer elderly men with age mean of 58.88±2.70 years old that divided randomly in two experimental groups (aerobic exercise with low and moderate intensity) and one control group. First, all subjects were evaluated by a proficient doctor to confirm their physical and mental health. Also, the maximum heart rate (HR) of subjects was obtained by subtracting one's age from 220. Furthermore, based on aerobic exercise type (40-50% Max HR for low intensity group and 60-70% Max HR for moderate intensity group) the target maximum HR was calculated for each subject. The exercise protocol consisted of 8 weeks aerobic exercises (2 sessions in per week) based on Rockport one-mile walking/running test. Exercise intensity was evaluated and controlled using specific chest belts. All subjects in per-test and post-test stages were completed the Tennessee Self-concept Scale 2 (TSCS2).
Results In pre-test stage, the results showed that there were no significant differences between control and experimental groups in self-concept (P>0.05). On the other hand, results in post-test stage showed that there were significant differences between control and experimental groups in this variable (P<0.05). Also, the Tukey Post Hoc showed that the moderate intensity group scores in self-concept was better than other groups (P<0.05). Finally, the low intensity group scores were better than control group (P<0.05).
Conclusion Aerobic exercises with moderate intensity (60-70% max HR) have a positive and significant effect on self-concept. Based on these findings, aerobic exercises with moderate intensity is recommended as a useful method for improving this personality trait among older adults.
Zeinab Karbalaee, Farahnaz Mohamadi Shahbalahi, Masoud Fallahi, Samaneh Hossein Zade,
Volume 10, Issue 2 (7-2015)
Abstract
Objectives Today healthcare problems of the elderly has gained new and extensive dimensions in the community due to their increased population. According to statistics, depression is one of the most important psychological problems in the elderly that needs attention. We aimed to investigate the effect of recreation therapy on depression in older adults.
Methods & Materials In this quasi-experimental study, 200 elderly over 60 years of age who attended Yas daycare center in Tehran and met the inclusion criteria were included. The subjects were assigned to intervention (n=32) and control (n=32) groups randomly. The intervention group received 10 recreation therapy sessions over 10 weeks. Depression was measured before and just after intervention and also two weeks after intervention in both groups. The research instruments included GDS, AMT and ADL questionnaires. Data were analyzed using SPSS software; Chi-square, independent T, Mann-Whitney, Generelized Estimating Equations Model and Shapiro-wilk tests were used as appropriated.
Results The mean±SD depression score in the intervention group before intervention, after intervention and at follow-up were 5.78±4.2, 2.59±2.12, 3.03±2.2, respectively. The corresponding fugires in the control group were 5.20±3.01, 5.16±2.9, and 5±2.8, respectively (P=0.001). We found no significant difference in the level of depression before intervention between the intervention and control groups (P=0.932). However, a significant difference existed between pre- and post-test (P=0.001) and pre-test and follow-up in the intervention group (P=0.007). Due to Generelized Estimating Equations Model in the intervention group there was a significant difference between the pre-test, post-test and follow-up (P<0.0001), while there was no significant difference between the pre-test, post-test and follow-up in the control group (P>0.05).
Conclusion Recreation therapy significantly improved depression in the elderly.
Karim Ayoubi Avaz, Shahriar Parvaneh, Ahmad Ali Akbari Kamrani, William Miller, Pouria Reza Soltani, Setareh Ghahari,
Volume 10, Issue 3 (10-2015)
Abstract
Objectives: Social participation is an important aspect of health in ageing. It is also a part of life and a key element in function that improves physical and psychological health in the elderly. Using assistive mobility devices may influence social participation in this population. Current study aimed to compare social participation in older adults who use assistive mobility devices with those who do not use assistive devices in Tehran.
Methods & Materials: In this cross-sectional study, older adults with and without assistive mobility devices were comprised in their social participation. Seventy-nine old age adults (39 women and 40 men) who were 60 years or older were recruited using convenience sampling method. They completed life habit, mini mental state and demographic questionnaires. For analyzing continuous data with normal distribution, t test and ANOVA were used, while Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests were used for categorical variables or those with non-normal distribution.
Results: The finding indicates that older adults with assistive mobility devices engage less in social participation than those who do not use these devices (P<0.05). Older adults in age group of 60-74 years had higher social participation in comparison with those in 75-89 age group (P<0.05). There was no significant differences between male and females, and single older adults and married ones in their social participation.
Conclusion: Type of assistive device affects social participation in older adults. The results suggest that older adults with higher physical ability have higher social participation. Older adults who use assistive devices face with more limitations to participate socially in their community. It is necessary for rehabilitation team to pay attention in improving social participation of older adults.
Kazem Khazan, Seyed Jalal Younesi, Mahshid Foroughan, Heiman Saadati,
Volume 10, Issue 3 (10-2015)
Abstract
Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness of reality therapy on the happiness of the elderly people.
Methods & Materials: This is an experimental study with a pretest posttest design and a control group. Sample of the study selected from the elderly members of Mandegaran Club in Ardebil City. All who were over 50 years were evaluated according to inclusion/exclusion criteria and 30 participants selected and randomly divided into 2 equal groups. Oxford happiness scale was administered to both groups. Reality therapy sessions for the intervention group were administered in 80-minute sessions, 2 sessions per week for 4 successive weeks. The posttest data collected after the last session and also doing a follow up one month later. Data analyzed by using analysis of variance with repeated measure for independent groups.
Results: Results of analysis of variance showed that the mean difference between the two groups were significant (P<0.05) and reality therapy increased the happiness of intervention group significantly. Happiness scores of intervention group in all subscales were also significantly higher in posttest compared to control group (P<0.001).
Conclusion: The results showed that reality therapy can be helpful in enhancing positive emotions and happiness in older people. Implementation of reality therapy sessions in nursing homes, and retirement centers are recommended.
