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Objectives: In developed countries, aging of population is not a new phenomenon. However, in under development countries, such as Iran, it is necessary to think about the welfare of elderlies from now on. Due to the degradation of physical and mental abilities of elderlies, they are threatening by crucial problems. Therefore, to be safe and secure, elderlies must be provided by special supports originating from certain social policies. In this paper, by explaining practical instances in Japan and Sweden, we try to present a proper pattern for elderlies in Iran. One of the significant similarities in Japan and Iran is preserving traditions when industrial development occurs.

Methods & Materials: Japanese traditions have been regarded well already whereas in Iran. The industry is developing while traditional culture is considered. Using the new policies of Japan to target Iranian elderlies can utilize economic and cultural frameworks in society, family and other social organizations and thus present comprehensively .supportive programs to the most of elderlies. 

Results: One of the basic politics of Sweden for elderlies is maintaing them in homes even when they require extensive health bcares. This paper proposes that expanding social and retirement insurances to all persons who are aging above sixty, either men or women, can provide elderlies with an appropriate support. By this policy, the family, as a huge resource, and other traditional organizations, which are often non-governmental, can provide valuable facilities. The most important reason to offer this policy in Iran is the limitations of possibilities to support elderlies. If our policies obey the old policies of the west world, it concludes with providing some reprehensive services to a limited number of elderlies in cities.

Conclusion: Using the available, practical indicators in the developed countries with high rate of aging people helps Iranian researchers to continue their researches properly in the field of elderliness.

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Objectives: This research was administered with the aim of studying the relationship between retirement syndrome components with general health symptoms in retired adults in Esfahan city.

Methods & Materials: This research carried out in descriptive and correlational method. Research statistical population was the retired adults in Esfahan city, among them, 461 persons for participating to research were selected using stratified random sampling, and then retirement syndrome questionnaire (helplessness and failure, older and idleness, trying and new direction and conflict and confusion) and general health questionnaire (somatization, anxiety and insomnia, social dysfunction, and depression) administered to them.

Results: 1) Three components have predictive power for prediction of somatization, consisted of: helplessness and failure, older and idleness, trying and new directions, 2) for prediction of anxiety and insomnia, helplessness and failure, trying and new direction, older and idleness have significant predictive power, 3) For prediction of social dysfunction, helplessness and failure, and trying and new directions have significant predictive power, 4) For prediction of depression also, helplessness and failure and trying and new directions have significant predictive power.

Conclusion: The finding of this research revealed that, helplessness and failure along with trying and new direction are the two components which must be considered in retired adults. Therefore, it is essential for this two dimensions established counseling centers related to retirement centers for helping retired adults.

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Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between demographic characteristics and retirement satisfaction in elderly members of registered retirement Education Center in Ahwaz.

Methods & Materials: This study was descriptive-correlative. The sample of study includes ninety-six retirees referring to retirement center of Ahvaz Using Convenience of haphazard sampling in year 1388. Participants were requested to fill in Retirement Descriptive Index as well as a demographic questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistic, Simple correlation and regression repeatedly analysis (by SPSS 16 versions).

Results: There are significant positive correlation between health, employment, financial status, usefulness feeling, spouse employment with retirement satisfaction and negative correlation between retirement age and spouse retirement with retirement satisfaction.

Conclusion: This study reveals that health, re-employment after retirement, having a good financial status and usefulness feeling increase retirement satisfaction. But retirement age and retirement satisfaction‌ decrease it.

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Objectives Population aging is taking place in developed countries and has caused some concerns in developing countries. Fallowing UAE and Bahrain, Iran has the third highest rate of population aging in the world and this increases the importance of the issue for policymakers. We aimed to review all the related studies to narrow on the economic aspects of the aging population.
Methods & Materials To this end, methodology and result of vast empirical literature, up to 2012, has been summarized to assess the main effect of aging on macroeconomic indicators. Most of the collected studies related to the developed countries, due to the novelty of this phenomenon.  
Results Findings showed that the main economic sectors heavily influenced by the growing share of aged peoples. These sectors are included labour market, physical and financial markets, pensions, human capital stock, consumption and saving, public sector budget which all consequently affect economic growth.  
Conclusion It is hoped that this study will be a small step towards a scientific look at the economical aspect of ageing phenomenon and will stimulate further investigation.

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Objectives: Retirement impacts different dimensions of life such as physical, psychological, social, economic, and spiritual aspects. Since identification of the factors promoting or demoting health situation of retirees is important; this study aimed to determine the level of retirement syndrome in Babol retirees.

Methods & Materials: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 205 retirees aged over 50 years. Data were gathered by a questionnaire consisting of 2 sections; Demographic characteristics and retirement syndromes. Retirement syndrome questionnaire consisted of 40 questions in 5-point scale (“never” to “always”) in 4 dimensions of “helplessness and failure”, “older and idleness”, “trying and new directions”, and “conflict and confusion”. Data were analyzed by SPSS. The Pearson and Spearman tests were used to evaluate the within group variables. To analyze the data, the correlation coefficient test, t-test, and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were performed. The significant level for all tests was set at 0.05.

Results: About 53% of the participants were male and 47% female with an average (SD) age 61.13(5.87) years. Means(SD) scores of “helplessness and failure”, “older and idleness”, “trying and new directions”, and “conflict and confusion” were 2.08(0.52), 3.73(0.51), 3.47(0.65) and 2.49(0.56), respectively. There were a direct significant association between “feeling helplessness” and “conflict and confusion” (P<0.0001) and a reverse relationship between “older and idleness” and “trying and new directions” (P<0.0001).

Conclusion: Findings of this research showed that retirees of Babol County partly suffer from retirement syndrome. Therefore, paying attention to them and promotion of the retirees’ situation seems necessary.

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Objectives: Purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship and effects of family power structure, marital conflicts, and their components on mental health in male retirees of education in Alborz Province.
Methods & Materials: In this research, a total of 341 male retirees of Alborz’s education department were selected by available sampling method. Research tools included general health questionnaire (GHQ-28), power structure in family and marital conflicts. The obtained information was separately analyzed by Cranach α Coefficient, Pearson correlation coefficient and Stepwise regression.
Results: This research showed that there were significant negative correlations between family power structure (r=-0.527, P=0.000), scope and power of the family (r=-0.437, P=0.000), the power of family (r=0.484, P=0.000), mode power couple (r=-0.414, P=0.000), alliances and coalitions (r=-0.411, P=0.000), and leadership (r=-0.479, P=0.000) with mental health. There were significant positive correlations between marital conflicts (r=0.56, P=0.000), increase in child support (r=0.46, P=0.000), and increase relationship with relatives (r=0.435, P=0.000), decrease relationships with the wife’s relative (r=0.432, P=0.000), separating financial matters (r=0.448, P=0.000), reduction of working between couples (r=0.432, P=0.000), increased emotional reactions (r=0.564, P=0.000), decreased sex (r=0.372, P=0.000), and reduction in effective communication (r=0.506, P=0.000) with mental health. Increased emotional reactions (P=0.000), the power of family (P=0.000), scope and power of the family (P=0.000), decreaed sex (P=0.008), reduction in effective communication (P=0.000), alliances and coalitions (P=0.014) and reduce in relationship with the wife’s relatives (P=0.022) can predict mental health of retirees.
Conclusion: The results of the research indicate that power structure of family and marital conflicts can affect mental health of male retirees. And more unequal power structure of family and more marital conflicts can lead to decrease in mental health of male retirees.

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Objectives: Retirement is a potentially challenging event in old age that has different‏ effects on older people’s lives. This study aims to identify the psychosocial consequences, barriers, and facilitators of adaption to retirement in Iran.
Methods & Materials: In this study, we used conventional content analysis. The samples consisted of 22 people with experience or expertise in the field of retirement, who were selected by maximum diversity and purposeful sampling strategy Data were collected through semi-structured interviews from February 2019 to September 2019. Graneheim and Lundman's approach was used for data analysis.
Results: Of 22 participants, 59% were male and 41% were female. Four main categories and 13 sub-categories were extracted covering different psychosocial aspects of adaption to retirement Including: Psychosocial challenges (emotional deprivation, reduced psychological resilience, role loss, social isolation, and family challenges), post-retirement development (developing interests and activities, and feeling of being free), barriers to retirement adaptation (health problems, lack of a retirement plan, and macro-structural deficiencies), and contextual/supportive facilitators (individual characteristics, job characteristics, and social support systems).
Conclusion: After retirement, people face psychosocial challenges or opportunities for development. In the meantime, some barriers and facilitators can affect adaption to retirement. Therefore, preparation for retirement is an important issue in the field of gerontology services. Elderly care providers and health professionals can benefit from the finding of this study in their interventions to promote the psychosocial well-being of retirees and their families.‎

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Objectives Retirement is one of the life crises which can cause psychological and social problems in people and cause incompatibility and symptoms called Retirement Syndrome. This study aimed to investigate the effect of the psychosocial self-care training program on retirement syndrome in educators as a program to improve and expose retirees to retirement. 
Methods & Materials In this study, a two-group quasi-experimental method was performed on 64 education retirees in 1398 in Gonabad. After reviewing the entry and exit criteria of the research units (individuals were randomly assigned), they were assigned to two experimental and control groups. Psychosocial self-care training sessions were held once a week for 6 hours for one hour (for) the intervention group. The participants completed the retirement syndrome questionnaire at the beginning and end of these sessions. After data collection, the analysis was performed using SPSS software v. 20. The significance level was considered at P<0.05.
Results This study considered 4 main categories regarding retirement syndrome. These categories include Feelings of confusion and conflict, Feelings of new effort and orientation, Feelings of old age and emptiness, and feelings of helplessness and failure. Also, based on the independent t-test, no statistically significant difference was observed between the retirement syndrome scores of the two groups before the intervention (P>0.05); however, the average score of retirement syndrome in the two groups after the intervention and the difference in the average score of retirement syndrome of the two groups before and after the intervention had a statistically significant difference (P<0.05). This means that the training program improved the intervention group’s retirement syndrome (P<0.05).
Conclusion The results of the current study showed that holding face-to-face meetings and conducting psychosocial self-care training on retirement syndrome in retired educators positively reduced the symptoms of retirement syndrome. By teaching self-care and learning self-care strategies in old age, we can prepare retirees to cope with or reduce the symptoms of retirement syndrome. 
 

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Objectives: The world’s population is rapidly aging; hence, paying attention to the quality of life (QoL) of the elderly is of great importance. Financial satisfaction is one of the important components of QoL. The present study aims to determine the association between financial literacy and QoL among retired older adults mediated by their financial satisfaction.
Methods & Materials: This descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted in 2020 on 270 retired older adults in Qazvin, Iran. The samples were selected through stratified random sampling method from 8 retirement centers in Qazvin, Iran. The data were collected using demographic checklist, the control, autonomy, self-realization, and pleasure (CASP) scale, financial literacy scale, and financial satisfaction scale. Structural equation modeling was used to determine the mediating role of financial satisfaction in the relationship of financial literacy with the QoL.
Results: The mean age of older adults was 65.17±4.57 years. The majority of them were male (n=166, 61.85%) and married (n=245, 90.7%). Their Mean score of financial literacy and financial satisfaction were 51.60 and 35.11 out of 100, respectively. Their quality of life was at a moderate level (Mean= 63.89 out of 100). The results of the regression analysis showed the significant association of financial literacy (P=0.006, β=-0.17) and financial satisfaction (β=0.25, P<0.001) with the quality of life. The results also confirmed the mediating role of financial satisfaction (P=0.014).
Conclusion: Financial literacy of the elderly has a significant and positive association with their quality of life mediated by financial satisfaction. Therefore, policymakers in Iran are recommended to develop pre-retirement financial education programs for improving the financial literacy of the elderly.