Showing 16 results for Spiritual
Fazel Bahrami, Abbas R.farani,
Volume 4, Issue 1 (4-2009)
Abstract
Objectives: The present research aimes to discuss the mental healthof elders in the Holy Quran and Hadiths.
Methods & Materials: The study uses the method of content and library analysis in which the Holy Quran and its commentaries have been studied by using a Quranic software and Hadith books and softwares. The data has been collected and classified according tothe topics.
Results: Results of the research included the definition of the elderly in view of Islam, introduction of elders, and their rights and status in Islam, Islamic treatment of elders and old parents, kindness and methods of kindness and goodness, virtuous and suitable behavior, good verbal and humble behavior, frequent visit, subsistence, prayers and thankfulness.
Conclusion: According to the results concluded form the Holy Quran and Hadiths, the mental health of the elderly peopel has beenconsidered in the following three aspects: The elders in the public’s point of view The elders in the government’s point of viewThe elders and their parental role.
Fatemeh Khalili, Shima Sum, Hamid Asayesh,
Volume 8, Issue 1 (4-2013)
Abstract
Objectives: In the recent years world experienced an increased number of elderly population particularly in developing countries such as Iran. Considering protection and promotion of health of this vulnerable group should be more focused. This is obvious that assessing their health status is the first priority of health promotion strategy. Spiritual health is one of the health dimensions which is less concerned in this age group. This study aimed to assess distribution of spiritual health among Isfehanian elderly people.
Methods & Materials: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 230 Isfahanian over 60 elderly people. By convenience sampling subjects were chosen from urban area. Data was gathered by a questionnaire consisting of demographic characteristics and Palutzian & Ellison Spiritual Health Questionnaire. Dat analyzed by t test, ANOVA, correlation and multiple regression.
Results: Findings showed that 70.09% of participants were male and mean of age was 67.5 Mean score of spiritual health was 95.02±13.98 which was in a high level. Elderly people accommodated in nursing homes had a significantly lower spiritual health status. Significant relationship was found between spiritual health, educational level and type of accommodation (P<0.05).
Conclusion: As results showed supports originated from spiritual health is beneficial and could promote quality of life and health. Considering this issue in older people as a vulnerable group is recommended.
Arya Hamedanchi, Robab Sahaf, Reza Fadaye Vatan, Hamid Reza Khankeh,
Volume 8, Issue 2 (7-2013)
Abstract
Objectives: Over the next 30 years there will be a considerable increase in the number of elderly parents of children with intellectual disability. The present article is a part of a phenomenological study on the lived experience of elderly parents of children with intellectual disability which focuses on the issue of spirituality. There is insufficient scientific evidences related to this important phenomenon.
Methods & Materials: Based on a purposeful sampling, ten elderly parents of children with intellectual disability (5 mothers and 5 fathers) took part in the un-structured deep interviews. The data were analyzed using a Colaizzi phenomenological approach.
Results: “Spirituality” was one of the four identified emergent themes. The other emergent themes were “Bitterness” ,”Emotional attachment”, ”Support satisfaction”. Despite of having difficulties in caregiving to the child with disability, the parents appreciate God and consider the child as his will. They also trust in God when facing problems.
Conclusion: In the current study, spirituality was emerged as an important theme. The participants do believe that having a child with disability is God's will and even his bless. In this way of thinking, suffering and sorrows become tolerable, less painful and even valuable. Spirituality could be considered as a part of care plans for the elderly parents of children with intellectual disability. Since this phenomenon is a process it would be better to investigate that by Grounded Theory approach.
Shadi Abedi, Mahshid Foroughan, Mohammad Saeed Khanjani, Enayat Allah Bakhshi, Akram Farhadi,
Volume 11, Issue 3 (10-2016)
Abstract
Objectives Spiritual health is one of the significant dimensions of health. It plays an important role in the health of older people and brings aims and meanings to their lives. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between life meaning and spiritual health of elderly people.
Methods & Materials In this descriptive-analytic study, 204 elderly people living in nursing homes of Shemiranat in 2014 were selected by convenient sampling. Information was collected through Polotzin and Elison's spiritual Well-Being Questionnaires. SPSS software, Pearson correlation coefficient, and t-independent tests were used to analyze the data.
Results The mean scores of spiritual health and life meaning were 72.96±12.65 and 53.03±3.93, respectively. There were positive and significant relationships between overall spiritual health and life meaning (P<0.05; r=0.31), existential health and life meaning (P<0.05; r=0.16), and religious health and life meaning (P<0.05; r=0.15). There was also a significant relationship between education and life meaning (P<0.05; r=0.12).
Conclusion Research on factors associated with the meaning of life and effective interventions to raise it in older adults is recommended.
Ehteramosadat Ilali, Zohreh Taraghi, Jamshid Yazdani, Maryam Golmohammadi, Roghaieh Savasari, Alireza Mosavi Jarrahi,
Volume 11, Issue 3 (10-2016)
Abstract
Objectives Stroke is the main health problem of the elderly in the world. The disease may create a spiritual crisis in the person. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between prayer and spiritual health of elderly patients with cerebrovascular accidents (CVA).
Methods & Materials In this correlational study, 142 patients with CVA were investigated in the Neurology Department of Bou Ali Sina Hospital in Sari City, Iran. Data collection was done by Ellison and Paloutzian spiritual health questionnaire and Meraviglia prayer questionnaire. The data were analyzed using SPSS 20 with descriptive parameters (mean and standard deviation) and Pearson correlation coefficient, t-test and 1-way ANOVA.
Results Of 142 patients, 64 (45.1%) were men and 78(54.9%) were women. The mean age of the elderly was 72.97±7.67 years with the range of 60-95 years. The mean of total prayer scores was 181.62±25.50 and the highest score of prayer was related to prayer frequency with the mean of 96.47±22.3. The mean of total spiritual health scores was high (102.28±18.89), too. The relationship between prayer and spiritual health was direct and significant (P<0.001, r=0.602). There was significant relationship between age and spiritual health, too (P<0.001, r=0.607). There was no significant relationship between spiritual health and education level, job, and the marital status.
Conclusion Religious practice and prayer can be a powerful resource for coping with stressful situations and psycho-social support in patients with stroke.
Elham Hedayati, Maryam Hazrati, Marziye Momen Nasab, Hamid Shokoohi, Fateme Afkari,
Volume 11, Issue 3 (10-2016)
Abstract
Objectives Spiritual distress and anxiety are the most common problems of the elderly patients admitted in coronary care units. The elder patients are more vulnerable due to the weakening of adaptation mechanisms. Given that earlier studies on spiritual health revealed that it was related to the physical and mental health, but the relationship between spiritual health and state-trait anxiety was not clear yet. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between spiritual health and state-trait anxiety among the elderly patients admitted in coronary care units.
Methods & Materials This study was a correlational cross-sectional study. Sixty-six elderly cardiac patients hospitalized in coronary care unit were selected by convenience sampling method. Data were collected by using Spielberger's State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and Palutzian and Ellison Spiritual Well-being questionnaires. Analysis of data including descriptive statistics, Pearson, ANOVA t-test, and correlation coefficient was carried out using SPSS version 21. P level of less than 00.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results Most participants (69.7%) aged between 60 to 70 years, 59.1% were female and 63.6% were married. The majority of them (57.6%) were illiterate. The mean score of spiritual well-being was 79.55. The mean of trait anxiety was in the mid-range of 45.18±9.21, and the mean and standard deviation of anxiety state was in the high range of 58.44±29.9. The results revealed a significant negative relationship between spiritual religious health, and state-trait anxiety (P<0.05). The highest correlation was found between spiritual health and trait anxiety (P<0.003).
Conclusion Because of the significant relationship between spiritual health and anxiety, identifying and addressing the elderly patients' spiritual needs can lead to reducing the patients' anxiety.
Asghar Jafari, Fatemeh Hesampour,
Volume 12, Issue 1 (6-2017)
Abstract
Objectives Old age is a significant period in life and due to the development of science and improvement in health conditions, the number of elderly people is increasing in various societies. To promote the adjustment of the elderly population in the society, it is necessary to pay attention to their life satisfaction. Therefore, the present study aimed at predicting life satisfaction of elderly people based on their spiritual intelligence and psychological capital.
Methods & Materials The research method is descriptive and correlational. The study population comprised 180 people residing in elderly homes in Kashan City, Iran. Of them, 123 subjects were selected based on the Morgan table and simple random sampling. The data were collected using the questionnaires of life satisfaction, spiritual intelligence, and psychological capital, then e obtained data were analyzed by Pearson correlation and multiple regression tests.
Results The mean (SD) values of age, perception and connection to universe, spiritual life, self-efficacy, hopefulness, resiliency, optimism and life satisfaction were 70 (2.5) years, 62.18 (7.14), 51.11 (6.75), 24.14 (4.14), 24.33 (4.11), 21.08 (4.38), 28.33(5.04), and 21.71 (2.75), respectively. The results showed that the components of spiritual intelligence and psychological capital significantly predicted the level of life satisfaction in the elderly (P<0.01) and the perception and connection to the universe and hopefulness predicted more changes in life satisfaction among the elderly (P<0.01).
Conclusion The results suggest that the components of spiritual intelligence and psychological capital can partially predict life satisfaction in the elderly. Therefore, in order to increase the level of life satisfaction in them, it is necessary to promote their spiritual intelligence and psychological capital.
Aref Majidi, Omid Moradi,
Volume 13, Issue 1 (4-2018)
Abstract
Objectives This study aimed at studying the effect of teaching spiritual intelligence principles on death anxiety among senior citizens living in retirement homes of Sanandaj City.
Methods & Materials This study was a practical and quasi-experimental research performed by pre- and post-testing the control and experimental groups. The statistical population comprised all elderly residents of retirement homes in Sanandaj City. Twenty subjects were selected by convenient sampling from among the individuals who were willing to participate in the study and who received a high score in the death anxiety scale. They were then equally divided into two groups (10 subjects per group). The fear of death scale devised by Collet- Lester (1969) was used for pre-testing the subjects. The members of the experimental group received Spiritual Intelligence-based intervention in eight 90-minute sessions. The control group received no such intervention during this period. After the intervention, all the subjects were post-tested. The collected data were analyzed by the one-way and multi-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the SPSS-22 software.
Results The mean and standard deviation of the age of the experimental group was 62.5±5.68 years and control group was 63.1±4.33 years. The results of covariance analysis showed a significant difference in post-test between the experimental group (120.9±4.81) and the control group (131.3±8.65) (P≤0.01). So, the results indicate that educating the subjects about spiritual intelligence components reduced their death anxiety (P≤0.01). The intervention also reduced the death of others and dying of others dimensions in the subjects (P≤0.01), but no significant impact was observed for the death of self and dying of self dimensions.
Conclusion According to the findings, teaching spiritual intelligence principles reduces death anxiety. Therefore, it is recommended that more attention should be paid to teaching spiritual aspects in retirement centers.
Maryam Khoshbakht Pishkhani, Farahnaz Mohammadi Shahboulaghi, Hamidreza Khankeh, Asghar Dalvandi,
Volume 14, Issue 1 (5-2019)
Abstract
Objectives Spiritual health is an important dimension of health in humans. It coordinates individuals’ forces, and ultimately, their overall health. There are Many challenges to this concept in older people. The current study aimed to analyze the concept of spiritual health in the elderly.
Methods & Materials We used Walker and Avant’s approach. We searched for the studies using the following keywords: “elderly people, elderly person, spirituality, spiritual health, spiritual wellbeing, elderly, older adult, and geriatric”. We reviewed the literature in accordance with the study inclusion criteria, consisting of Persian and English Language studies published from 1996 to 2016; a total of 32 articles related to the concept were analyses.
Results Spiritual health is a dynamic and multidimensional concept in older people's view. Some of the spiritual health attitudes in the elderly were the love of supreme power and mental balance. With respect to the afterlife, antecedents were having abilities, faith, trust, and commitment to morals and their consequences, nearness to God, peace, a higher quality of life, and providing social support to others.
Conclusion The conceptual definition of spiritual health can help healthcare providers better understand this concept and conduct the interventions and evaluations of health promotion efforts to help the elderly.
Majid Sadoughi, Fatemeh Hesampour,
Volume 15, Issue 2 (7-2020)
Abstract
Objectives: Today, psychological care for the elderly has received increasing attention due to potential threats posed by aging, loneliness, gradual decline in physical activity, increase of chronic diseases, social isolation, and physical and mental disabilities. The positive psychology approach to mental health seeks to promote the mental health of people by identifying and developing mental abilities and competences. The present study aimed to predict psychological well-being of the elderly based on the components of positive psychology including spirituality, gratitude to God, and perceived social support.
Methods & Materials: This is a descriptive correlational study conducted on 211 elderly people aged 60-70 years (109 males and 102 females) who were selected randomly. Data collection tools were a demographic form (surveying age, gender, education, marital status, and socioeconomic status), and Paloutzian and Ellisons’ Spirituality Well-Being Scale, short form of Ryff’s Psychological Wellbeing Scale, Emmons and Crumpler’s Gratitude to God Questionnaire, and Zimet’s Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. Collected data were analyzed in SPSS software V. 22 by using descriptive (Mean and Standard Deviation), Pearson correlation test, and stepwise regression analysis.
Results: Mean and Standard Deviation of different study variables were reported as follows: Psychological well-being =7.1±10.68; Spirituality =90.22±15.36; Gratitude to God =14.09±2.41; Social support from family members =21.6±4.2; Social support from friends =16.5±5.8; and Social support from significant others =20.23±5. The results of stepwise regression analysis indicated that spirituality (F1,209=62.02, P=0.001), social support from family members (F1,208=11.06, P=0.001), and gratitude to God (F1,207=4.80, P=0.001) could significantly explain 27% of the psychological well-being variance in the elderly.
Conclusion: Increased spirituality, gratitude to God, and perceived social support especially from family members can improve psychological well-being of the elderly. Hence, Strengthening and paying special attention to their spiritual needs and perceived social support as well as planning health care for them can help increase their psychological well-being.
Fatemeh Yousefi, Fatemeh Mohammadi, Seyedeh Ameneh Motalebi, Saeed Pahlevan Sharif,
Volume 15, Issue 2 (7-2020)
Abstract
Objectives: Successful aging is a positive inner feeling and satisfaction with the past and present life experiences. Thus, the present study aimed to determine the predicting factors of successful aging in a sample of Iranian elderly.
Methods & Materials: This cross-sectional and descriptive-analytic study was conducted on 291 elderly in Qazvin City, Iran, in 2018. The study participants were selected using the two-stage cluster sampling method. Data collection was performed using the demographic characteristics checklist, the Successful Aging Scale, and Paloutzian and Ellison Spiritual Wellbeing Scale. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive tests (frequency, percentage, central & dispersion indices) and a hierarchical linear regression model.
Results: The study sample was 291 elderly with a Mean±SD age of 68.3±6.7 years. The obtained results indicated that the spiritual health of 81.1% of the explored elderly was strong; most of the examined elderly presented a good level of successful aging. Besides, spiritual health was a predictor of successful aging in the study participants. Regarding the aspects of spiritual health, existential health positively and significantly impacted successful aging (B=0.65, P<0.001). Furthermore, the obtained data revealed that the employed elderly (B:4.29), compared to housewives (B:-4.25), those with high economic status, compared to those with a moderate (B:-3.44) and low (B:-7.332) economic level, and the elderly without a history of physical (B:-4.55) and mental (B:-2.54) conditions obtained significantly higher scores in successful aging.
Conclusion: The existential aspect of spiritual health is among the predictors of successful aging. Given the importance and sensitivity of the issues related to the elderly, by interventions focused on spiritual education, one can increase the quality of this period and enrich it.
Amirhossein Sharifi, Saeed Bakhtiarpour, Farah Naderi, Parviz Askari,
Volume 17, Issue 1 (3-2022)
Abstract
Objectives The world population is rapidly aging, and depression is a common mental disorder among the elderly. This study aimed to test the causal model of depression based on spiritual and social capital through death anxiety in the elderly.
Methods & Materials The statistical population included all the elderly in Tehran City in 2020, from which 371 people were selected by convenience sampling. They answered online questionnaires about depression, death anxiety, and spiritual and social capital. Data were analyzed using the path analysis method using Amos software.
Results The results showed that spiritual and social capital variables had an indirect and significant relationship with depression through death anxiety. The direct connection between spiritual capital and depression was not significant. But in addition to the indirect relationship, there was a significant direct relationship between social capital and depression. In other words, according to the findings, social capital was associated with depression in addition to its immediate effect on death anxiety. Still, spiritual capital had all its impact on depression through death anxiety. Also, the comparison of the model between the two groups of elderly people with and without a spouse showed that the marital status of the model does not moderate.
Conclusion Spiritual and social capital effectively predicts depression in the elderly and its direct effect through death anxiety.
Hossein Khorany, Elnaz Takzare, Fatemeh Mohammadi, Seyedeh Ameneh Motalebi,
Volume 17, Issue 4 (2-2023)
Abstract
Objectives: Fear is one of the most frequent feelings associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Older people are at risk for severe COVID-19 infection. Spiritual well-being can play an important role in patients’ coping and adaptation to stressful conditions. The present study aims to determine the role of spiritual well-being in predicting fear of COVID-19 among older adults in Qazvin, Iran.
Methods & Materials: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 400 community-dwelling older adults in Qazvin, Iran in 2021 who were selected using a cluster sampling method from public places in three urban areas. Data were collected using a demographic checklist, the Fear of COVID-19 Scale, and Paloutzian and Ellison’s Spiritual well-being scale. A multivariate regression model was used to determine the predictors of fear of COVID-19.
Results: The mean age of participants was 69.70±6.99 years. Their fear of COVID-19 was at a high level (Mean±SD=22±8.82). The results of regression analysis showed that sex (β=0.186, P=0.001), history of hypertension (β=0.130, P=0.006), history of diabetes (β=0.097, P=0.037), history of stroke (β=0.091, P=0.048), educational level (β=-0.142, P=0.007), economic status (β=0.145, P=0.007), and spiritual well-being (β=-0.117, P=0.013) were the predictors of fear of COVID-19.
Conclusion: Spiritual well-being, as well as educational level, history of chronic diseases, and economic status have a role in predicting the fear of COVID-19 in older adults. Therefore, the implementation of spirituality-related care programs can be useful for reducing the fear and anxiety of older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Zahra Delkhah, Marziyeh Alivandi Vafa, Naeimeh Moheb,
Volume 18, Issue 4 (2-2024)
Abstract
Objectives This study aims to assess the relationship of the meaning of life, self-compassion and perceived social support with the fear of aging in the elderly in Iran, mediated by spiritual well-being.
Methods & Materials This is a descriptive-correlational study with a cross-sectional design. The study population consists of the elderly aged 65-80 years in Ila, Iran. Using a purposive sampling method، 300 elderly (men and woman) were selected. The assessment tools included Steger et al. ’s Meaning of Life Questionnaires, Neff’s Self-Compassion Scale, Phillips et al. ’s Social Support Appraisals Scale, Lasher and Faulkender’s Anxiety about Aging Scale, and Paloutzian & Ellison’s Spiritual Well Being Scale. Data were analyzed using Pearson’s correlation test, descriptive statistics, and the maximum likelihood method (ML) in SPSS software, version 26, and structural equation modeling in AMOS version 24.
Results Participants were 140(46.77%) males and 83(28.33%) females. In terms of age range, 157 (53.33%) were in the age group of 65-69 years, 85 (28.33%) in the age group of 70-75 years, and 58 (19.33%) in the age group of 76-80 years. The values of path coefficients indicated that the meaning of life (39%)، self-compassion (43%), and perceived social support (27%) directly explained the changes in the fear of aging. The meaning of life and self-compassion variables were indirectly related to the fear of aging through spiritual well-being. Spiritual well-being did not statistically mediate the relationship between perceived social support and fear of aging (P>0.05).
Conclusion Meaning in life, self-compassion, perceived social support, and spiritual well-being can be used in educational interventions for the treatment of fear of aging in the elderly.
Asmar Shahbazi Chahartaq, Majid Yousefi Afrashteh, Zekrollah Morovati,
Volume 19, Issue 1 (3-2024)
Abstract
Objectives Older people adults may feel incompetent due to impaired mental and physical function. It is very important to improve their satisfaction with life by increasing their spiritual health. The present study aims to determine the relationship between spiritual health and life satisfaction of the elderly in Iran and assess the mediating role of forgiveness.
Methods & Materials This is a correlational study with a cross-sectional design using path analysis. The study population included older people in Zanjan, Iran, in 2022, of whom 301 were selected using a convenience sampling method. They completed the satisfaction with life scale, spiritual well-being scale, and forgiveness scale. SPSS software version 26 and LISREL software, version 10.2 were used to analyze data using path analysis.
Results The mean age of the elderly was 68.84 years. According to the results of the research, spiritual health has a relationship directly and indirectly with the satisfaction of the lives of the elderly. The mediating role of passing was also confirmed. The results show the good fit of the study model. The results showed a direct and significant relationship between spiritual health and life satisfaction (β=0.23 and P<0.001) and between forgiveness and life satisfaction (β=0.39 and P<0.001).
Conclusion Iranian older adults’ satisfaction with life can be improved by improving their spiritual health and the ability to forgive. The findings of this study can be used in planning to improve life satisfaction of older adults in Iran.
Dr Fateme Sadat Mortazavi, Dr Mohsen Shati, Dr Seyede Salehe Mortazavi, Dr Fatemeh Shirzad, Dr Manije Moghadam, Dr Hosein Ajamzibad,
Volume 19, Issue 1 (3-2024)
Abstract
Objectives Due to increase in life expectancy, the number of aged population in the world is increasing. Focusing on various aspects of their health is important for improving their quality of life. One aspect is spiritual health, which is dependent on culture. This study aims to survey the spiritual health status of Iranian older adults.
Methods & Materials In this cross-sectional study, participants were recruited from among elderly people registered in the national electronic health record system using a stratified random sampling method. The Ajamzibad’s elder spiritual health scale was used to measure spiritual health and its dimensions including spiritual belief, centricity of God, altruism, spiritual conduct, and purposefulness of life. Trained healthcare workers completed questionnaires based on a telephone-based survey method in selected health centers. The non-parametric Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to analyze the data.
Results Participants were 548 older adults from 28 provinces of Iran, with a mean age of 67.8±6.6 years. The mean total score of spiritual health was 91.2±10.0, with the highest score related to the spiritual belief (95.8%) and the lowest score related to the purposefulness of life (87%). Age had a statistically significant relationship with spiritual health in overall and all its dimensions (P<0.001). Educational level and marital status had a significant relationship only with the dimension of spiritual conduct (P=0.04).
Conclusion The spiritual health of Iranian older adults is at a good level. Their level is higher in domains related to beliefs (spiritual belief and centricity of God), compared to those related to behavior (Altruism and Spiritual Conduct). Therefore, for improving their behaviors, there is need for attention, planning, and appropriate action.
