Objectives: The growing social and economical changes in the life style, have made Abstract it difficult for many people to assume the responsibility of taking care of older adults in the family, consequently institutions become the inevitable option for many elderly adults. The aim of this study was to compare mental health of institutionalized and community living elderly adults in Kermanshah.

Methods & Materials: The study was a cross-comparative one. 127 community livings (83 male and 44 female) and the same number of institutionalized persons were selected using the available sampling method. General health questionnaire (GHQ-28) was the measure of the study.

Results: The institutionalized elder adults gained higher mean scores in all the four subscales of GHQ-28. The findings showed a statistically significant difference in the mean scores of depression, somatic symptoms, and social dysfunction in the two groups. The women living in institutions showed more severe Social dysfunction compared to their men counterparts.

Conclusion: Considering the results of this study it can be concluded that more attention should be given to the living environment of older adults living in institutions.