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1- Department of Community Health Nursing, School of Nursing, Nursing Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
2- Department of Operating Room, School of Paramedical Sciences, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
3- Department of Community Health Nursing and Nursing Management, School of Nursing, Nursing Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
4- Department of Community Health Nursing and Nursing Management, School of Nursing, Nursing Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran ,M_amiridelui@yahoo.com
2- Department of Operating Room, School of Paramedical Sciences, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
3- Department of Community Health Nursing and Nursing Management, School of Nursing, Nursing Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
4- Department of Community Health Nursing and Nursing Management, School of Nursing, Nursing Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran ,
Abstract: (21 Views)
Objectives: Older adults with multimorbidity require strengthened self-management and targeted educational interventions to maintain independence and improve quality of life. The Pender Health Promotion Model provides an effective nursing framework for designing such interventions. This study aimed to determine the effect of Pender model-based education on self-management and quality of life in older adults with multimorbidity.
Materials and Methods: This randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted in 2025 among 60 older adults with multimorbidity covered by health centers in Gonabad, Iran. Participants were selected through convenience sampling and randomly allocated into intervention and control groups using block randomization with block sizes of four. Inclusion criteria were age ≥60 years, diagnosis of two or more chronic diseases (type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and hypertension), and a score higher than 7 on the Abbreviated Mental Test. The intervention group received six 45-minute educational sessions based on the Pender Health Promotion Model, while the control group received no intervention. Data were collected before the intervention and six weeks afterward using demographic questionnaires, the Abbreviated Mental Test, the Self-Management Ability Scale for Older Adults, and the LEIPAD Quality of Life Questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using independent t-test, Mann–Whitney U test, chi-square test, Wilcoxon test, and paired t-test in SPSS version 21. A significance level of p≤0.05 was considered.
Results: The mean age of participants was 64.91±2.88 years, and most participants were female. After the intervention, the mean total self-management score and all its dimensions showed a statistically significant increase in the intervention group compared with the control group (p<0.001). In addition, the mean changes in the total quality of life score and its dimensions were significantly greater in the intervention group than in the control group (p<0.001).
Conclusion: Education based on the Pender Health Promotion Model significantly improved self-management and quality of life in older adults with multimorbidity. This intervention may be used as an effective approach in nursing programs and elderly care services.
Materials and Methods: This randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted in 2025 among 60 older adults with multimorbidity covered by health centers in Gonabad, Iran. Participants were selected through convenience sampling and randomly allocated into intervention and control groups using block randomization with block sizes of four. Inclusion criteria were age ≥60 years, diagnosis of two or more chronic diseases (type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and hypertension), and a score higher than 7 on the Abbreviated Mental Test. The intervention group received six 45-minute educational sessions based on the Pender Health Promotion Model, while the control group received no intervention. Data were collected before the intervention and six weeks afterward using demographic questionnaires, the Abbreviated Mental Test, the Self-Management Ability Scale for Older Adults, and the LEIPAD Quality of Life Questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using independent t-test, Mann–Whitney U test, chi-square test, Wilcoxon test, and paired t-test in SPSS version 21. A significance level of p≤0.05 was considered.
Results: The mean age of participants was 64.91±2.88 years, and most participants were female. After the intervention, the mean total self-management score and all its dimensions showed a statistically significant increase in the intervention group compared with the control group (p<0.001). In addition, the mean changes in the total quality of life score and its dimensions were significantly greater in the intervention group than in the control group (p<0.001).
Conclusion: Education based on the Pender Health Promotion Model significantly improved self-management and quality of life in older adults with multimorbidity. This intervention may be used as an effective approach in nursing programs and elderly care services.
Keywords: Pender’s Health Promotion Model, self-management, quality of life, older adults, multiple chronic diseases
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