Extended Abstract
1. Objectives
Aging is the most important anthropological phenomenon of the 21st century [1]. Currently, many studies have focused on the issues of well-being, positive psychology, and life expectancy worldwide [2]. Therefore, the structures of life expectancy and psychosocial well-being can play an important role in promoting the health of the elderly. The present research aims to determine whether group logotherapy can improve the life expectancy and psychosocial well-being of elderly women living in nursing homes in Dubai. Thus, accordingly, the following hypotheses were proposed: 1. Group logotherapy increases the psychological well-being of elderly women in nursing homes; and 2. Group logotherapy increases the psychosocial well-being of elderly women in nursing homes.
2. Methods & Materials
This is a quasi-experimental research that included pretest-posttest with the control group. The study population included all Iranian Persian-speaking old women aged over 65 years and living in nursing homes in Dubai in 2015. Using the stratified random sampling method, a sample of 40 elderly women was selected from two nursing homes in Dubai. The two nursing homes were considered as two categories, and 20 subjects were randomly selected from each category. The selected participants were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The experimental group received group logotherapy in 8 sessions of 1.5 hours each while the control group was placed on the waiting list. The participants completed the Schneider’s Life Expectancy Questionnaire [3], Reef’s Psychological Well-Being Questionnaire [4], and the Social Welfare Questionnaire [5] in the pre-test and post-test. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance.
The inclusion criteria included the willingness to participate in the research, being over 65 years old, not undergoing any other psychological treatment 6 months before entering the research, and the absence of psychological disorders according to the psychiatrist’s diagnosis. Participation in treatment sessions was solely for the purpose of observing ethical principles, and the participants could leave the study at any time of the study period. The participants were also informed that their information will remain confidential. The research work was ethically approved by the Payame Noor University in Dubai.
3. Results
The mean and standard deviation of the participants’ age in the experimental and control groups were 65.10±12.10 years and 67.12±11.8 years, respectively. Also, the mean and standard deviation of total scores of psychological well-being (445.31±35.95), life expectancy (37.01±2.13), and social well-being (27.99±3.06) were calculated in the post-test group. The demographic characteristics of the sample showed that 42.5% of the elderly women had under high school education, 40% had high school diploma, and 17.5% had a bachelor’s degree or higher. 
Of the total participants, 42.5% of the elderly were married, and 32.5% were divorced. It was also found that 67.5% of the participants were living in the nursing homes for less than five years, 22.5% for 5 to 10 years, and 10% for over ten years. Comparison of the experimental and control groups in the pre-test and post-test by t-test showed that the mean post-test scores of the experimental group were significantly different from the pre-test score of the same group (P<0.001). There was no significant difference between the control group scores in the pre-test and post-test. The use of analysis of covariance requires certain assumptions. An examination of these presumptions showed that the conditions for using ANCOVA test were established. 
The results of multivariate analysis of covariance showed that there was a significant difference between the two groups in the scores of psychological well-being (F=190.22, P<0.001), components of life expectancy including tracking thinking (F=44.32, P<0.001) and agent thinking (F=51.24, P<0.001), and components of social well-being including social cohesion (F=22.07, P<0.001), social participation (F=11.60, P=0.001), social flourishing (F=44.72, P<0.001), social integration (F=11.90, P<0.001), and social adoption (F=65.03, P<0.001). In other words, despite controlling the pre-test scores, the scores of psychological well-being, life expectancy, and social well-being components of the experimental group in the posttest showed a significant increase compared to the control group. 
Based on the Eta coefficient (effect size), 0.82, 0.66, 0.70, 0.72, 0.70, 0.74, 0.70 and 0.76% difference between the experimental and control groups was in the scores of psychological well-being, components of life expectancy including tracking thinking, ad agent thinking, and also social well-being components including social cohesion, social participation, social flourishing, social integration and social adoption (Table 1). Therefore, hypotheses 1 and two were approved, and the group logotherapy can improve life expectancy and psychosocial well-being of elderly women living in nursing homes.

4. Conclusion
Group logotherapy can be used as an effective strategy by mental health professionals in nursing homes. The logotherapy leads to elderly adaptation, life satisfaction, and good psychological sense in the elderly by giving meaning to the life. In other words, the group logotherapy can help the elderly to adapt to sadness, frustration, and illness by finding meaning in life and the support they receive in the group [6]. Also, mental health professionals can use group logotherapy as an effective way to improve the life expectancy and psychosocial well-being of elderly women living in nursing homes. 
It is also suggested that future research should investigate the effectiveness of group logotherapy on other positive psychological structures among the elderly men and women living in nursing homes. This research has some limitations: 1. It was conducted only on elderly women. Therefore, caution should be exercised in generalizing the results to elderly men; 2. The data were prepared using self-report questionnaires that may have response biases; and 3. This study had a cross-sectional design. Therefore, long-term studies are needed to clarify these effects.
Acknowledgments
This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.
Conflict of Interest
The authors declared no conflicts of interest.
 

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