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1- Department of Psychology, Kish International Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kish Island, Iran.
2- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, Islamic Azad University, Tehran Branch, South of Tehran, Iran. ,Mehran.azadi@gmail.com
3- Counseling Department, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, Islamic Azad University, Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran.
4- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, Islamic Azad University, Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran.
2- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, Islamic Azad University, Tehran Branch, South of Tehran, Iran. ,
3- Counseling Department, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, Islamic Azad University, Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran.
4- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, Islamic Azad University, Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran.
Abstract: (167 Views)
Objective: Aging is always accompanied by chronic pain and anxiety, and several strategies have been studied to treat it, and there has been little research to compare treatment strategies in the elderly. One of the approaches considered by therapists is the compassion-based treatment approach. Another treatment method is the integrated spirituality psychotherapy model, which is a comprehensive and multifaceted treatment that, by integrating several therapeutic methods and a spiritual-monotheistic theme, tries to restore values in the elderly that have the ability to integrate and consolidate the entire personality of the elderly. The present study was conducted with the aim of comparing the effectiveness of compassion therapy and integrated spiritual therapy on existential anxiety in the elderly with chronic pain.
Materials and Methods: The present study was an applied type and a semi-experimental design of pre-test, post-test and follow-up with a control group. The statistical population of the present study consisted of the elderly with chronic pain in the Noura Elderly Center located in Tehran in 1402. The sample size of 45 eligible elderly people was selected through convenience sampling and randomly assigned to three groups of 15 people (group one receiving compassion therapy, group two receiving integrated spiritual therapy, and group three receiving no intervention). The first experimental group received the Paul Gilbert and Russell Colts protocol for compassion therapy, and the second experimental group received the Pargament integrated spirituality therapy with cognitive-behavioral approach, and the control group did not receive any program. The research instrument was the existential anxiety questionnaire EAQ. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 23 software, and the data analysis method was analysis of variance with repeated measures.
Findings: The results of the study showed that in terms of demographics, in the compassion therapy (6 people, equivalent to 40%), spirituality (7 people, equivalent to 46.66%), and control (5 people, equivalent to 33.33%) groups, the highest frequency was related to the age range of 76 to 80 years. Also, the effect of time on existential anxiety scores in the three stages of pre-test, post-test, and follow-up is significant (P < 0.01, F = (1.27)), indicating that there is a significant difference in existential anxiety scores between the three time stages.
Conclusion: Compassion therapy is more effective than integrated spiritual therapy on existential anxiety in the elderly with chronic pain. It is recommended that compassion therapy, which has played a role as one of the effective non-pharmacological methods in reducing existential anxiety in the elderly with chronic pain, be used continuously.
Materials and Methods: The present study was an applied type and a semi-experimental design of pre-test, post-test and follow-up with a control group. The statistical population of the present study consisted of the elderly with chronic pain in the Noura Elderly Center located in Tehran in 1402. The sample size of 45 eligible elderly people was selected through convenience sampling and randomly assigned to three groups of 15 people (group one receiving compassion therapy, group two receiving integrated spiritual therapy, and group three receiving no intervention). The first experimental group received the Paul Gilbert and Russell Colts protocol for compassion therapy, and the second experimental group received the Pargament integrated spirituality therapy with cognitive-behavioral approach, and the control group did not receive any program. The research instrument was the existential anxiety questionnaire EAQ. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 23 software, and the data analysis method was analysis of variance with repeated measures.
Findings: The results of the study showed that in terms of demographics, in the compassion therapy (6 people, equivalent to 40%), spirituality (7 people, equivalent to 46.66%), and control (5 people, equivalent to 33.33%) groups, the highest frequency was related to the age range of 76 to 80 years. Also, the effect of time on existential anxiety scores in the three stages of pre-test, post-test, and follow-up is significant (P < 0.01, F = (1.27)), indicating that there is a significant difference in existential anxiety scores between the three time stages.
Conclusion: Compassion therapy is more effective than integrated spiritual therapy on existential anxiety in the elderly with chronic pain. It is recommended that compassion therapy, which has played a role as one of the effective non-pharmacological methods in reducing existential anxiety in the elderly with chronic pain, be used continuously.
Keywords: Compassion therapy, Integrated spiritual therapy, Existential anxiety, Dealing with pain, The elderly
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