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Fathi S, Sadeghi Sedeh B, Safaeian A, FatorehChy S, Akbarfahimi N, Sadeghi Sedeh S. Effect of Fall-proof Exercises on Balance and Fall Prevention in the Elderly: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Salmand: Iranian Journal of Ageing 2026; 21 (1) :2-25
URL: http://salmandj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-2999-en.html

Objectives Changes in various sensory-motor functions and alterations in the central nervous system contribute to reduced balance and increased fear of falling in older adults. Fall-proof exercises, by focusing on improving the function of sensory-motor and cognitive systems, lead to improved balance and a decreased risk of falling. Several studies with small sample sizes and varying results have been conducted in this field. However, a synthesis of the evidence has not been performed. Therefore, this study endeavors to analyze and synthesize data from diverse research on the effects of “Fall-Proof” exercises on balance and fall prevention in older adults. 
Methods & Materials In this systematic review and meta-analysis, based on the research question and considering specific keywords and strategies, all relevant articles were searched in reputable databases and imported into EndNote 20. Subsequently, the research protocol was developed and registered in PROSPERO. Following the screening of articles and the selection of eligible studies, the necessary data were recorded in a spreadsheet. The data were then exported to STATA17 software and analyzed using a random-effects model. All stages of the research were conducted independently by two individuals in accordance with the PRISMA checklist.
Results In the fall-proof exercise group, the Berg Balance Scale (BBS) demonstrated a significant improvement (SMD=5.37, 95% CI 3.17 to 7.56, P=0.001). Static balance with eyes open (SMD=3.44, 95% CI 1.16 to 5.72, P=0.001) and with eyes closed (SMD=4.94, 95% CI: 0.80 to 9.07, P=0.02) also increased. However, the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test did not show better results (SMD=0.25, 95% CI: -2.94 to 3.44, P=0.88). The fear of falling decreased significantly (SMD=-9.10, 95% CI: -13.71 to -4.49, P=0.001). 
Conclusion Fall-proof exercises performed for at least 8 weeks, in three sessions of 40 to 50 minutes each, among older adults aged over 60, lead to improved balance for performing various daily activities and a reduction in the fear of falling. Therefore, fall-proof exercises represent an appropriate and effective approach for enhancing functional, dynamic, and static balance and for preventing falls in the elderly. After initial assessment and adequate training, they are recommended as both preventive and therapeutic programs.